Psychology of Exceptional Individuals

Abstract : The present study was conducted in order to perform the meta-analytic
study of individual and family factors that were effectiveon
attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Method:For this purpose 25studieswere collected and after entering data into CMA-2 software
and sensitivity analysis, one study which was disharmonious with other studies
was removed and finally,24 studieswere analyzed. The average effect size
(r) in the
individual factors was 0.22 and in the
family factors it was 0.14. So, according to
Cohen's criteria, the effect size of individual factors and family factors were
reported below the average.In investigating the separated effect size of
factors, the variables ofacademic performance, identity crisis,
intelligence, working memory, and behavioralmanagement
ofparents were higher than average. Due to the significance of Q
statistic based on heterogeneity in these studies, the variables of sex,population, measuring instruments, sampling method and age
were entered into the analysis as confounding variables. Results: Z
differences test, in the studies related to the individual factors, showed that
the effect size was significant for all intervening variables but in examining the
family factors, this difference was seen in the variables of sex, population, measuring instruments and sampling method. Conclusion:
Due to the obtained average effect size in the above variables, researchers and
clinicians should consider the importance of these factors in the evaluation
and treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Also, researchers
should notice the role of modulators that were listed above in their future
studies

Abstract The present study aims atidentifyingthe role of prenatal maternal stressors in having attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this ex post facto research, 64 children with ADHD and 61 normal children were identified by teachers in nursery and elementary schools in Parand, Iran using a diagnostic checklist for ADHD. In order to identify the prenatal maternal stressors, a checklist was developed by the researchers and administrated to two groups of mothers. Inthisstudy, the prenatal factors were considered as predictive variables, ADHD as criterionvariable and gender as control variable. Resultsshowedthatmother’s disease, argumentswith relativesandmother’s concern over financial problems during pregnancy were significantly higher in mothers of children with ADHD than the normal group. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the average weight of ADHD and normal children at birth time. In other words the average weight of children with ADHD was significantly lower than normal children