Somayeh Mohammadi kashka; Abbas Abolghasemi; seyyed mosa Kafi Masooleh
Abstract
Abstract
Research has shown that children with separation anxiety disorder often struggle with self-regulation and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of group play therapy, specifically painting-based therapy, on the emotional skills of children with separation ...
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Abstract
Research has shown that children with separation anxiety disorder often struggle with self-regulation and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of group play therapy, specifically painting-based therapy, on the emotional skills of children with separation anxiety disorder. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach and a control group. The study population included all sixth-grade female students with separation anxiety disorder in Ghaemshahr city during the academic year 1400. Thirty children were selected for the study and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data were collected using the Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (March et al., 1997) and Zeiman's (2001) emotion management scale. The experimental group received ten 45-minute sessions of painting-based group play therapy, while the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that painting-based group play therapy significantly improved the emotional skills of children with separation anxiety disorder (P<0.001). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that group play therapy based on painting is an effective treatment method for promoting mental health and preventing psychological problems in children with separation anxiety disorder.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Separation anxiety disorder is one of the types of anxiety disorders that can be indicative of anxiety disorders starting in childhood (Hoffman, Sterkenburg & Van Rensburg, 2019). This type of anxiety is so intense and serious that it prevents daily activities and causes severe disruption in a child's academic and social performance (Maltese & colleagues, 2018). If this anxiety continues until the end of childhood or adulthood, it can lead to an ineffective understanding of oneself and others (Tamman and colleagues, 2017). Additionally, separation anxiety disorder may be associated with various mental disorders and problems that can develop in adulthood, as reported by Agebati and colleagues (2020).
Children with separation anxiety disorder consistently use maladaptive emotional regulation strategies and use adaptive emotional regulation strategies less. In fact, maladaptive emotional regulation in children can be an important factor in maintaining their separation anxiety (Naseri, Gasempour & Mahmoudimogadam, 1394). Children with anxiety disorders tend to use more maladaptive strategies compared to those without anxiety. Identifying efficient or ineffective patterns of emotional regulation can improve anxiety (Rodrigues et al., 2021). Schneider et al. (2018) concluded that emotion dysregulation can be a potential risk factor in the development of anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents. Play therapy has a positive effect on reducing separation anxiety and avoiding harm in children (Yazdani, 2018) and is an effective intervention in improving the psychological symptoms of children suffering from separation anxiety disorder (Sidi Andi, Najafi and Rahimian Bogar, 2014). One of the other therapeutic methods used to treat children's disorders is art therapy based on painting (Mohammadi and Radin, 2016). Painting is the spontaneous drawing of pictures that provides opportunities for non-verbal communication and expression (Erickson and Blok, 2013). The research of Malekpour, Vahedi and Mirnesab (2013) showed that the implementation of painting therapy program is effective in increasing the emotional regulation of elementary school boys. Nan, Hinz and Loesbrink (2021) found that art therapy is effective in reducing stress, depression and improving the level of emotions and improving general health. Mabing-Barz, Hestercht and Ponstine (2019) concluded that art therapy reduces anxiety and improves emotion regulation and executive functioning. In general, group play therapy training based on drawing can help children to deal with their anxiety. Also, the combination of these two treatments can be a safe and useful way to promote mental health and improve the child's emotional skills. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the effect of group play therapy training based on drawing on the emotional skills of children with separation anxiety disorder.
Method
The current study used a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test, and a control group. The population studied consisted of all female students who were in the sixth grade and had been diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder in Ghaemshahr city during the 2019 academic year. Thirty individuals were then selected and randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group, with 15 participants in each group. The control group did not receive any intervention, while the experimental group received group play therapy training based on drawing. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group play therapy training on reducing separation anxiety in young girls with separation anxiety disorder.
Separation anxiety questionnaire: The separation anxiety questionnaire was developed by March et al. (1997) and contains 39 items. Mashhadi (2011) reported the reliability of this tool using Cronbach's alpha of 0.81 and a favorable face validity. Pirzadi (2017) reported a higher reliability coefficient for this questionnaire via Cronbach's alpha, with a value of 0.80.
Emotion Management Questionnaire: It was completed by Ziman et al. in 2001 and consists of 38 questions graded on a three-point Likert scale. Hashmipour and Mohammadi's research (2017) found a reliability coefficient of 0.73 and 0.86 using two-halves and retesting, respectively, for this scale.
Group play therapy based on drawing: The intervention program used in this research was a combined package of drawing therapy (Zadeh Mohammadi, 2007; quoted by Rezaei et al., 2014) and play therapy (Mohammed Ismail, 2010; quoted by Yazdani, 2018).
Results
The sample of students participating in the study was matched in terms of age, sex, and educational level.
Table 1. Pre-test and post-test descriptive indices of variables by groups
Post test
M±SD
Pre test
M±SD
Group
Variable
Post test
M±SD
Pre test
M±SD
Group
Variable
81/1±47/24
50/3±13/20
Experiment
Sadness
04/2±80/22
2±00/18
Experiment
Anger
66/2±07/22
96/3±67/21
Control
14/3±13/19
40/3±87/18
Control
22/5±33/83
60/7±80/66
Experiment
Emotion Management (total score)
77/1±00/23
61/3±20/27
Experiment
Anxiety
09/7±60/71
96/9±93/69
Control
88/2±53/28
93/3±53/27
Control
Table 1 presents the means and standard deviations of the research variables in both the control and experimental groups. To test the research hypothesis, the Multivariate covariance Analysis test was employed. Box and Levin's test and the test of effects between subjects indicated that the assumptions of the covariance analysis were met.
Table 2. Results of Multivariate covariance Analysis to investigate the effect of painting-based group play therapy training on emotional Skills
SS
Df
MS
F
P
Eta
OP
Variable
83/100
1
83/100
40/14
001/0>
340/0
96/0
Anger
20/43
1
20/43
36/8
001/0>
230/0
80/0
Sadness
63/149
1
63/149
23/26
001/0>
484/0
10/0
Anxiety
99/1255
1
99/1255
66/53
001/0>
665/0
1
Emotion
management
The results of the Multivariate covariance Analysis, as presented in Table 2, indicate a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the component of emotion management.
Discution
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group play therapy based on drawing on improving the emotional skills of children with separation anxiety disorder. The findings suggest that emotional dysregulation leads to difficulties with identifying, understanding, accepting, and adjusting emotions, and can result in a person being cognitively and emotionally helpless and confused. Drawing-based group play therapy training aims to improve the control of negative emotions in children with separation anxiety disorder, which can be effective in reducing it along with other treatments. Artistic activities have also been found to encourage healthy activities, emotional regulation, and the integration of the child's brain. This can help to reduce behavioral and emotional problems.
Final Results
In general, it can be concluded that group play therapy training based on drawing improves emotional skills. Since children with separation anxiety disorder have difficulty in regulating their emotions as well as in recognizing and describing their emotions, this causes problems in interpersonal relationships and interaction with others; therefore, group play therapy training based on drawing helps children to increase their emotional skills and also reduces their anxiety and worry.
Keywords: Separation Anxiety, Play Therapy, Emotional Skills, Painting Therapy.
abolfazl farid; Ramin Habibi-Kaleybar; bita moshtary e sahneh
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of play therapy and neurofeedback on the executive functions of female elementary school students with learning disorders. The research method was experimental with a clinical trial with a multi-group pretest and posttest design. The statistical ...
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of play therapy and neurofeedback on the executive functions of female elementary school students with learning disorders. The research method was experimental with a clinical trial with a multi-group pretest and posttest design. The statistical population was all female elementary school students referred to the Center for Learning Disabilities in Maragheh city in the academic year of 1998-99, from which 30 students were selected by available sampling as a statistical sample. The sample is divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Selected students were randomly assigned to groups. The instrument used for data collection was Connors' (2004) neuropsychological test. Multivariate analysis of covariance and posthoc were used for data analysis. The research results showed that the executive functions of the experimental and control groups are significantly different from each other (P< 0.05). The LSD post hoc test indicated that play therapy and neurofeedback have a significant impact on executive functions. Also, play therapy intervention is more effective in improving the executive functions of elementary students with learning disorders than neurofeedback.
mohsen siavashi; Noor Ali Farrokhi; Kourosh Goodarzi; . Mehdi Roozbahani
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed is Comparison of the Effectiveness of Animal-Assisted Therapy and play therapy In reducing Primary school children Components of behavioral disorders. Method: To investigate research assumptions, in semi-experimental formatting, 45 student were selected through Randomly ...
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Objective: The present study aimed is Comparison of the Effectiveness of Animal-Assisted Therapy and play therapy In reducing Primary school children Components of behavioral disorders. Method: To investigate research assumptions, in semi-experimental formatting, 45 student were selected through Randomly sampling, and placed randomly in the Animal-Assisted Therapy (15 student), play therapy (15 student) and control group (15 student). All three groups in a pre-test, post-test were assessed by Rutter behavioral disorders scale. The experiment groups was exposed to 10 sessions Animal-Assisted Therapy and play therapy, the control groups was not exposed to any intervention. The data were analyzed by Multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc test (Bonferoni). Results: The results showed that effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy was not significant on the components of behavioral disorders. The results also showed that the effect of play therapy on the components of behavioral disorders was significant. The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the two treatments were not significantly different in all components.Conclusion: According to the research findings, It seams Assisted Therapy and play therapy Have played an important role In reducing Primary school children behavioral disorders.
Hoda Faramarzi; marzieh ghanei
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral therapy on challenging behaviors of high-functioning autistic children. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral therapy on challenging behaviors of high-functioning autistic children. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all children aged 8 to 12 years old with autism spectrum disorder in health care centers of Arak in 2018. In this study, 16 high-functioning autistic children were selected by available sampling method using a questionnaire for measuring the range of autism spectrum disorder. They were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (8 subjects) and control (8 subjects) groups. The Revised Scale of Challenging Behaviours of Bodfish, Symons, Parker & Lewis (2000), was used to assess challenging behaviors. The experimental group received 10 cognitive-behavioral treatments in a 10-minute session during a one-month period, while the control group did not receive such an intervention. At the end, the two groups were evaluated again. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The findings of this study showed that play therapy based on cognitive-behavioral therapy has a significant role in reducing the challenging behaviors of high-functioning autistic children.
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Abstract
This research aimed to assess the efficacy of play therapy on student’s aggression and spelling disorder.This research method was quasi-experimental design from pretest-posttest with control group.The research sample was 24 girl and boy students in zone of dual of Tehran province that by ...
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This research aimed to assess the efficacy of play therapy on student’s aggression and spelling disorder.This research method was quasi-experimental design from pretest-posttest with control group.The research sample was 24 girl and boy students in zone of dual of Tehran province that by convenience sampling with considering of entry criteria selected. Participants were randomly allocated into control and experimental groups.Shahim aggression questionnaires and researcher made of spelling test administered among selected sample.Results indicated that play therapy in the post-test step was effective in reduce aggression and improvement spelling disorder in the experimental group.Overall results indicated the importance and effectiveness of play therapy on aggression and spelling disorder. According to the results, can say that use of play therapy as an effective way and without harmful effects in health centers, useful in reducing aggression and improve spelling disorder.
Hossein Mehrdad
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2011, , Pages 119-144
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the current research is to determine the impact of play therapy on academic achievement of students with mental deficiency of Khorramabad exceptional elementary school. Method: It was a pre-test, post-test study design. 60 students were selected and according to their mental ...
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Objective: The purpose of the current research is to determine the impact of play therapy on academic achievement of students with mental deficiency of Khorramabad exceptional elementary school. Method: It was a pre-test, post-test study design. 60 students were selected and according to their mental deficiency characteristics were assigned to either experimental or control group. Each group consisted of 30 students. The research tool has been a teacher made achievement tool The collected data, were analyzed by co-variance analysis, and independent T-test. Results: The results showed that; 1) The impact of play therapy on academic achievement of students with mental deficiency was meaningful (p<0/001). 2) The impact of group play therapy was more than individual play therapy. 3) The gender of the students didn't have any impact on their academic achievement.