shima vafa; soghra ebrahimi ghavam; hasan asadzade
Volume 4, Issue 14 , January 2014, , Pages 104-126
Behrooz Karimi
Volume 3, Issue 12 , December 2014, , Pages 107-126
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct a diagnostic spelling test for third grade elementary school students and to evaluate its reliability and validity. The population included all third grade students of elementary school in Kermanshah and Kangavar region in the 2012-2013 school year. The sample ...
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The purpose of this study was to construct a diagnostic spelling test for third grade elementary school students and to evaluate its reliability and validity. The population included all third grade students of elementary school in Kermanshah and Kangavar region in the 2012-2013 school year. The sample consisted of 30 normal students and 30 student with spelling disorder (who had been referred to the region’s center for rehabilitation of learning disorders), who were chosen through random sampling. The test was constructed based on the third grades main spelling textbook and it included 115 words. The test’s reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded the satisfactory result of 0.98. The validity was evaluated using group differentiation, cut point determination and interpreting the ROC curve between the two groups. The average test score for normal students was 18.18 (out of 20) and for students with LD it was 4.96, which showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) and thus established the validity of the test. The cut point score from the ROC curve was 13.40. The study successfully established reliability and validity of the constructed test, and suggests it as a tool for diagnosing spelling problems in third grade elementary students.
Azam Moradi; Qorban HemmatiAlamdarlou,; Amir Qamarani
Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2013, , Pages 107-126
Abstract
The present research aims to study the effect ofemployment status, marital status, education level, intensity of disability andgender on the total rate of mental health as well as physical symptoms,anxiety, social maladjustment, and depression in physically disabled persons inIsfahan city. The research ...
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The present research aims to study the effect ofemployment status, marital status, education level, intensity of disability andgender on the total rate of mental health as well as physical symptoms,anxiety, social maladjustment, and depression in physically disabled persons inIsfahan city. The research method was that of causal-comparative. Thestatistical population included all disabled people in Isfahan, from amongwhich 100 subjects were randomly selected. The 28-item General HealthQuestionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to assess the psychological status of theparticipants. The results of MANOVA showed that employment status significantlyaffected the total score of GHQ (P<0.01), physical symptoms (P<0.05), andanxiety (P<0.05). Also, marital status significantly affected the totalscore of GHQ (P<0.05) and depression (P.0.01). However, the education level,intensity of disability, and gender had no significant effect on total score ofGHQ, physical symptoms, anxiety, social maladjustment, and depression variables.The research findings suggest that physically disabled peopleshould be provided with the appropriate opportunities for marriage andemployment, so that their psychological status can be improved
Mahdi ghodrati
Abstract
Objective: Some studies showed effects of therapies on behavioral disorder in children that focus on modification in children and neglect therapies base on education parent’s then, present study investigated the effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) base on Parental training on Children with ...
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Objective: Some studies showed effects of therapies on behavioral disorder in children that focus on modification in children and neglect therapies base on education parent’s then, present study investigated the effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) base on Parental training on Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Method: Research design was semi experimental pre- test post- test design. parents who had a children with ODD (age 8 - 10) that diagnosis with clinical interview, DSM-5 criteria and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) parents reports form participated in the study (10 experimental and 10 control group). Clinical protocol from first session to final session (nine weeks) administered by parents training at home. Analysis of Covariance was data analysis method. Results: Results showed that significant differences between experimental and control group on symptoms ODD. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in the symptoms of ODD in experimental, and then CBT base on parent training was useful for ODD treatments.
Volume 1, Issue 3 , October 2011, , Pages 109-138
Abstract
Objective:This research,investigates the prevalence of ADHD and it's subtypes among university students of Markazi province in 1389-90. Method:The method of this research was descriptive. The sample included 1773 university students (582 females,1191 males)that were selected from the population of all ...
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Objective:This research,investigates the prevalence of ADHD and it's subtypes among university students of Markazi province in 1389-90. Method:The method of this research was descriptive. The sample included 1773 university students (582 females,1191 males)that were selected from the population of all university students of Markazi province by implementing a random cluster sampling. The Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-1993)and the diagnostic Scale of Mirieskandari Revision (2008) were completed by participants. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and z test by SPSS software. Result:Results showed that the total prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder according to WURS was 6.6% in the childhood of students and was 7.3% in their adulthood. Also the prevalence of attention-deficit,hyperactivity- impulsivity and combined type were 5.3% and 7.3%respectively.The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood of female students was 4.1% and in male students was 7.8%,but there was not any difference between prevalence of ADHD in adulthood between femaleand male students. Furthermore records of drop-outs,fails, psychiatric disorders and use of psychiatric drugs were more in students with ADHD. Conclusion and recommendations: These findings stress that the prevalence of ADHD is considerably high in students. In addition it revealed the importance of prevention,management and therapy of this disorder through benefiting from psychological and counseling services. This result could be beneficial for planning, budgeting, educational and therapy strategies. Making psychological and counseling services accessible in universities could prevent negative consequences of this disorder in educational and professional life.
Abdol hamed Razavi; Soltanali Kazemi; Mohammad Mohammadi
Volume 1, Issue 4 , February 2016, , Pages 109-134
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present research is to study the relationship amongst personality traits, coping style and social anxiety in blind and normal sighted students in Fars province universities in academic year 1386-87.
Method: A group of 35 blind and normal sighted students were selected. ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present research is to study the relationship amongst personality traits, coping style and social anxiety in blind and normal sighted students in Fars province universities in academic year 1386-87.
Method: A group of 35 blind and normal sighted students were selected. To assess the rate of social anxiety, the Watson and Friend 58 item questionnaire was used. For the assessment of personality traits NEO-FFI questionnaire and to assess the coping styles, Endler and Parker questionnaire with 48 items was applied.
Result: The results showed that there is a meaningful relation between personality traits and social anxiety in blind and normal sighted students. There is also a meaningful relationship between the coping styles and social anxiety in blind students. And also there is a meaningful relation between the coping styles and social anxiety in normal students. There are significant correlations between coping styles and social anxiety. But between personality traits of the blind and normal sighted students, there are also significant differences. Neuroticism factor of the blind students is meaningfully higher than the normal sighted students; also the extraversion, openness and conscientiousness factor of the normal students is meaningfully higher than the blind students. There is no meaningful difference between two groups in agreeableness factor. The findings also showed that in coping styles there is no meaningful difference between the blind and normal sighted students.
Conclusion and recommendations: Regarding the social anxiety there is difference between blind and normal students and also social anxiety in the blind students is more than normal students. These findings exemplify the need for paying more attention to the enhancement of the necessary skills for the blind students.
Ahmad Yarmohamadian; majid akbari; amir university; sanayat moradi
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Physical and motor disabilities have been defined as a trauma that limits one or more of individual’s main life activities which these disabilities prevent effective demonstration of individual’s physical or mental abilities. Thus the goal of the current research is ...
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Abstract Introduction: Physical and motor disabilities have been defined as a trauma that limits one or more of individual’s main life activities which these disabilities prevent effective demonstration of individual’s physical or mental abilities. Thus the goal of the current research is investigating the role of identity, basic psychological needs and demographic variables in predicting psychological well-being of students with physical and motor disabilities. This means that a sample statistical methods, including 200 students with physical and motor disabilities that were chosen using available sample method. The Aspects of Identity Questionnaire IV (Cheek, J. M. Smith, S.M. & Tropp, L. R. 2003), Psychological Well-being (Carol Ryff, 1980), and Basic Psychological Needs Scale (La Guardia, Ryan, Couchman, & Deci, 2000) were used for collecting the data. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and Regression multicollinearity tests. Data analysis showed that identity elements, basic psychological needs and demographic variables could predict psychological well-being of students with physical and motor disabilities. (p<0/0001،p<0/0005). Discussion: Finally, we can conclude that the identity elements, basic psychological needs and demographic variables are elements that affect psychological well-being of students with physical and motor disabilities.
moslem asliazad; ahmad abedi; ahmad iarmohammadian
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the effectiveness of spatial relations perception training on the mathematics performance of boy students with math learning disability. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study included ...
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The present study was to investigate the effectiveness of spatial relations perception training on the mathematics performance of boy students with math learning disability. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study included elementary students in grade three with mathematics learning disability in the city of Isfahan in year 2011-12. In order to do the study 30 students were selected through cluster random sampling method. The applied instruments included WexlerIntelligence Scale for Children4, dyscalculia diagnosis test, math academic performance test. 30 students were randomly selected and they were put into experimental and control groups among the boy students who had been diagnosed to have math learning disability. The data were analyzed through Covariance method. The results showed that there was a significant difference between groups (P<0.0001). Therefore, the independent variable had made a significant difference in the experimental group and it leaded to the improvement of math academicperformance in male children with math learning disability in elementary school. It is suggested to apply spatial relations perception training in teaching mathematics to students.
vahab mohammadpour; jalil babapour; abbas bakhshipour; majid mahmoudalilo
Volume 4, Issue 15 , January 2014, , Pages 114-131
Parviz Sharifi Daramadi; Leila Qassemi Davari
Volume 2, Issue 7 , October 2012, , Pages 115-132
Abstract
This research is aimed at assessing and comparing the degree of emotional intelligence, self- esteem, and depression in crime victim and non-victim girls aged between 15 and 18. The sample includes 31 crime victims living in the Welfare and Rehabilitation Organization of Tehran and 31 non-victim ...
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This research is aimed at assessing and comparing the degree of emotional intelligence, self- esteem, and depression in crime victim and non-victim girls aged between 15 and 18. The sample includes 31 crime victims living in the Welfare and Rehabilitation Organization of Tehran and 31 non-victim girls who have interaction with them as visitors. They are selected via convenience sampling and homogenized in terms of age and education. The data are gathered by applying Cooper's Emotional Intelligence, Beck's Depression Inventory, Cooper Smith Self- Esteem Questionnaire. The results indicated that girls who are crime victims have high depression, low self-esteem and emotional intelligence scores, though the scores are not pathologically low. Based on the findings of this research, parents are recommended to learn about emotional intelligence abilities and apply them on their daughters who are likely to be victims of social harms.
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of optimism training model by role-playing on reducing the rate of depression among low-vision girls in city of Tehran. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest- posttest with control group. For this mean, the available sampling ...
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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of optimism training model by role-playing on reducing the rate of depression among low-vision girls in city of Tehran. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest- posttest with control group. For this mean, the available sampling method was used. 20 low-vision teenager girls with depression in “Narjes Blind School”, in the 2011 to 2012 academic year, was selected and randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. Experimental group during ten sessions were trained by group role-play, but the control group did not receive any training in this area. The research data collected by ‘adolescence and children depression test’ (CADS) and analyzed using ANCOVA test was used. The obtained results indicated that the training of optimism by role-playing have a significant impact in reducing of low-vision teenager depression (p<0/0001). So, this can be concluded that the optimism training method by role-playing was nearly stable effective in reduce depression rate of low-vision teenager girls.
Ahmad Abedi; Maryam Gaderi najaf Abadi; Mojgan Shoshtari; Fereshte golshani
Volume 2, Issue 5 , April 2012, , Pages 125-144
Abstract
Objective: The present survey aims to study the effect of teaching the meta-cognitive program of Panoura and Philippou on the improvement of problem- solving performance, the students’ meta- cognitive knowledge and skill of students with a disability of math learning. Method: Methodology has been ...
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Objective: The present survey aims to study the effect of teaching the meta-cognitive program of Panoura and Philippou on the improvement of problem- solving performance, the students’ meta- cognitive knowledge and skill of students with a disability of math learning. Method: Methodology has been empirical. The statistical population of this survey was all the students of the4th grade of elementary schools in Najaf Abad in 2010-2011who had a disability of math learning. To do this survey, 20 students with a disability of math learning were selected and assigned to an experimental and a control group (n1=10 and n2=10). The tools used included a meta-cognition questionnaire of Panoura and Philippou, the checklist of math disorder diagnosis of Tabrizi, Raven intelligence scale and a math academic performance test. Intervention related to teaching the meta-cognition program of Panoura and Philippou was applied on the experimental group. The data obtained have been analyzed by using a statistical method of co-variance. Results: The results of co- variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference (P 0.01) between the average grades in pre-test and post-test. Conclusion and recommendations: Altogether, the findings of this survey indicate that teaching the meta-cognition program of Panoura and Philippou is effective on problem- solving performance and the metacognition knowledge and skill of students with a disability of learning. It is suggested that the use of teaching Panoura& Philippou's meta -cognitive program can be considered as a useful method for program- solving problems in student's with math learning disability. Objective: The present survey aims to study the effect of teaching the meta-cognitive program of Panoura and Philippou on the improvement of problem- solving performance, the students’ meta- cognitive knowledge and skill of students with a disability of math learning. Method: Methodology has been empirical. The statistical population of this survey was all the students of the4th grade of elementary schools in Najaf Abad in 2010-2011who had a disability of math learning. To do this survey, 20 students with a disability of math learning were selected and assigned to an experimental and a control group (n1=10 and n2=10). The tools used included a meta-cognition questionnaire of Panoura and Philippou, the checklist of math disorder diagnosis of Tabrizi, Raven intelligence scale and a math academic performance test. Intervention related to teaching the meta-cognition program of Panoura and Philippou was applied on the experimental group. The data obtained have been analyzed by using a statistical method of co-variance. Results: The results of co- variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference (P 0.01) between the average grades in pre-test and post-test. Conclusion and recommendations: Altogether, the findings of this survey indicate that teaching the meta-cognition program of Panoura and Philippou is effective on problem- solving performance and the metacognition knowledge and skill of students with a disability of learning. It is suggested that the use of teaching Panoura& Philippou's meta -cognitive program can be considered as a useful method for program- solving problems in student's with math learning disability.
ali agahi; Hossein shareh; hassan tozandeh jani
Abstract
Abstract: Working memory is the most important predictor of fluid reasoning. Working memory and fluid reasoning as two complicated cognitive functions have a significant correlation. A large number of studies have confirmed the strong association between working memory and fluid reasoning; however, the ...
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Abstract: Working memory is the most important predictor of fluid reasoning. Working memory and fluid reasoning as two complicated cognitive functions have a significant correlation. A large number of studies have confirmed the strong association between working memory and fluid reasoning; however, the hidden variables between them are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify the mediating role of processing speed in the relationship between fluid reasoning and working memory among children with dyslexia. This research was a descript4e-correlational study. The statistical population included all students with dyslexia in Mashhad schools, of whom 205 students were selected using convenience sampling method. For collecting data, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children–Fourth Edition and the Tehran- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale were administered. The results of the study showed that: (1) working memory has a significant association with fluid reasoning (P=0/04), (2) only 26/2% of changes in fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and working memory, (3) only 11.8% of changes in verbal fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and verbal and non-verbal working memory, (4) only 18.2% of changes in non-verbal fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and verbal and non-verbal working memory. The present study suggested a significant association between working memory and fluid reasoning but the mediating role of processing speed in the relationship between fluid reasoning and working memory among children with dyslexia hadn’t been confirmed.
zahra azadi; Nahid Akrami; Ahmad Abedi
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of independent learning program training on hyperactivity and attention-deficit symptoms among students suffering from ADHD. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and the control group. For this reason, ...
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of independent learning program training on hyperactivity and attention-deficit symptoms among students suffering from ADHD. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and the control group. For this reason, thirty 10 to 12 year-old male students with ADHD were selected in the city of Shahreza through stratified random sampling method. Then, they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The students in the experimental group were taught by independent learning program training during twelve 45-minute sessions, but the control group received no training in this regard. Data were collected using the Connors Parent-Teacher Questionnaire to measure symptoms of ADHD and they were analyzed by MANCOVA. Findings indicated that independent learning program was significantly effective on ADHD (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that independent learning program training can result in improving the symptoms among students with ADHD. Furthermore, it can be used as a method for treating students with ADHD.
farzaneh asiaee; Mohammad Yamini; Hossein Mahdian
Abstract
Aim: this survey is done with the objective of studying the effectiveness of Perceptual Skills reconstruction program on perceptual reasoning, working memory, and math performance of students with specific math learning disorder.Methods:this empirical study includes pretest-posttest and control group. ...
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Aim: this survey is done with the objective of studying the effectiveness of Perceptual Skills reconstruction program on perceptual reasoning, working memory, and math performance of students with specific math learning disorder.Methods:this empirical study includes pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included third grade students with specific math learning disorder in Joghatay. They were selected by the third grade teachers by performing a diagnostic test of math disorder and randomly assigned to 30 subjects and they were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. The treatment group received 16 sessions of training program. Data collection was done by the use of the Key Math Test, the Raven Test, Wechsler–IV Perceptual Reasoning Scale, Math Disorders Diagnostic test, and Stanford-Bine's Working Memory Scale. Results: Data analysis using mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements showed that intervention program implementation was significantly effective on nonverbal working memory, perceptual reasoning and its mathematical performance in experimental students at post-test stage and The observed effects in the follow-up phase remained stable. But there was no difference between the treatment and control groups in the verbal working memory variable.Conclusion: based on this, it can be concluded that the training of this program is effective on math performance, nonverbal working memory and perceptual reasoning of students with specific learning math disorder and can be considered as an effective approach in the treatment ofspecific learning math disorder.
Shokoofeh Ramazani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group hope therapy on life satisfaction of physical-motor disable men's. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population of study included all the physical-motor disable men's under welfare ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group hope therapy on life satisfaction of physical-motor disable men's. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population of study included all the physical-motor disable men's under welfare organization of Kamyaran city in 2015-2016 year, That among them by using available sampling, 30 men’s were selected, and randomly assigned in experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. The experimental group had received 8 sessions of hope therapy. To collect data on life satisfaction questionnaire (1985) was used. Data were analyzed by covariance statistical method. Findings indicated that the research hypothesis effect of hope therapy on life satisfaction of physical-motor disable men's had been proven and physical-motor disable men's of experimental group in comparison with control group, in posttest had a significantly high life satisfaction. So, we can conclude that hope therapy has a significant effect on increase of life satisfaction of physical-motor disable men's. So the method used in this study is an appropriate method for psycho-educational interventions, counseling in men treated with physical-motor disability.
Shahnaz Hashemi Malekshah
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Adlerian parent training on the change of parenting styles of parents with children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-and-post test and follow up design with control group. A ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Adlerian parent training on the change of parenting styles of parents with children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-and-post test and follow up design with control group. A total of 30 parents whose children were diagnosed with a diagnostic and statistical diagnostic manual for psychiatric disorders (2013), were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control groups. The research tools were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic (2013) questionnaire and Robinson parent style (2000) Inventory. parent training with Adlerian approach was accompolished in 10 sessions of 90- minutes. At the end and in follow up, the two groups of experiment and control completed the parenting style questionnaire as a post-test. data was analyzed using Repeated Measure. The results showed that this Adlerian parent training program did have a significant effect on increasing the Authoritative parenting style of mother and no father. It should also be noted that this parenting education program did not have a significant effect on authoritarian and permissive parenting style of mother and father. Accordingly we conclude that this Adlerian parent training program could change Authoritative parenting styles of mothers with Children with Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity/Disorder.
Abbas Ali Ahangar; Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki; Setareh Mojahedi Rezaeian; Niloofar Sarmast
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) disease is a genetic disorder which is caused by an additional copy of chromosome 21 in patient’s cell. These individuals face with different limitations in their social life such as disorders in discourse production and comprehension. The purpose of the present study was to ...
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Down syndrome (DS) disease is a genetic disorder which is caused by an additional copy of chromosome 21 in patient’s cell. These individuals face with different limitations in their social life such as disorders in discourse production and comprehension. The purpose of the present study was to provide a comparative investigation of comprehension of lexical relations device as one of cohesion devices, including hyponymy, part- whole and collocation, according to Dooley and Levinsohn (2000) between normal and educable DS Persian-speaking students’ narrative discourse. To this end, 20 normal and 20 DS boys and girls were purposefully selected using convenience sampling from ordinary and exceptional schools of Kerman city in Mehr 1395. The subjects were asked to talk about the topic of “Going to the park”. Then their speech was recorded by one of the researchers. The gathered data was analyzed by SPSS software. The research results showed that only in the comprehension of collocation there was a significantly meaningful difference between the two groups of subjects but this difference was not significantly meaningful in analyzing the lexical relations as a whole.
yousef dehghani; sadegh hekmatiyan fard
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of executive functions training on attention and response inhibition in students with dyscalculia. This study was semi-experimental pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with control and experimental group. The statistical population consisted of 143 students ...
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The aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of executive functions training on attention and response inhibition in students with dyscalculia. This study was semi-experimental pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with control and experimental group. The statistical population consisted of 143 students with dyscalculia who had been referred by the schools to the Center for Learning Disabilities of Boushehr province’s Department of Education in 2018-2019 school year. Of these, using convenience sampling and considering the requirements of the research project based on Malekpour Dyscalculia Diagnosis Test (1994), Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children, the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5), 40 students were selected and assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The omission error and commission error sub-scales of the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) (Rosvold, Mirsky, Sarason, Bransome & Beck, 1956) were utilized to evaluate attention and response inhibition performance, respectively. The experimental group received 11 sessions (60 minutes each) of group training. For statistical data analysis, variance analysis with repeated measures is used. Findings showed that executive functions training has a significant effect on attention and response inhibition and this effect remains unchanged in the two-month follow-up phase. Finally, we may conclude that executive functions training, as an effective and functional intervention, could be used to improve inhibition and attention performance of students with dyscalculia.
Sara Nejatifar; ali aghaziarati,; Ahmad Abedi
Abstract
The growth and development of any society are affected by the educated force of that society and identifying the factors affecting academic satisfaction and providing them is a step towards sustainable development. The aim of this study was to discover and investigate the factors affecting the academic ...
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The growth and development of any society are affected by the educated force of that society and identifying the factors affecting academic satisfaction and providing them is a step towards sustainable development. The aim of this study was to discover and investigate the factors affecting the academic satisfaction of gifted students. The method of the present study was qualitative using a data-based method and data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the present study included male and female students of the first high school of talented schools in Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020. The research sample was selected by cluster sampling and after interviewing 20 students, the effective factors were identified in academic satisfaction. It should be noted that data analysis was performed using three steps of open, axial, and selective coding. Based on the results of the research, open codes around 168 concepts, core codes including 21 concepts, and selective codes in 5 concepts under the headings of school factors, individual factors, family factors, attitudes toward intelligence, and community problems in dealing with the gifted and the lack of a gifted maintenance program (comprehensive programs from education to employment) were identified and extracted. Academic satisfaction is a good tool for evaluating the school and academic achievement of gifted students and strengthens the student's various factors in continuing the path of academic life and promoting academic satisfaction.
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi; Maryam Parastanpoor; Maryam Asghari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare marital satisfaction, parental alliance, and parental burnout in fathers and mothers having a child(ren) with and without visual impairment. The method of the study was descriptive and expo facto. The study population consisted of four groups of parents having children ...
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The aim of this study was to compare marital satisfaction, parental alliance, and parental burnout in fathers and mothers having a child(ren) with and without visual impairment. The method of the study was descriptive and expo facto. The study population consisted of four groups of parents having children without and with visual impairment (parents having one child, two children, and more than two children with VI) living in different cities of Iran. Among them, a sample of 506 people (including 297 mothers and 209 fathers) participated voluntarily in the study through convenient sampling. The measurements included the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (Nichols et al., 1983), the Parental Alliance Scale (Abidin, & Brunner, 1995), and the Parental Burnout Assessment (Roskam et al., 2018). The results showed that parents having more than two children with VI had higher scores on parental burnout and lower scores on marital satisfaction and parental alliance compared to the other three groups (p < .001). The results of the MANOVA test showed that the four groups were significantly different in all dimensions of parental burnout (p < .001), also, the fathers obtained higher scores in marital satisfaction (p < .04). The extent of visual impairment of the child(ren) can disrupt the relationship between children and parents with themselves and with each other by negatively affecting marital and parental outcomes.
Mahdi Abdollahzadeh Rafi; Fateme Rezaei; Saeed Ariapooran
Abstract
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing patience group training on self-efficacy and attitude of mothers with exceptional children. This quasi-experimental study involved a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population of the study included all mothers with ...
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Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing patience group training on self-efficacy and attitude of mothers with exceptional children. This quasi-experimental study involved a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population of the study included all mothers with exceptional children in Mashhad who were registered with the exceptional education department in Khorasan province. Voluntary participation and sample selection using random sampling were utilized. Thirty-two mothers of exceptional children were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (16 participants per group). The instruments used to measure the study variables were the patience, Domka self-efficacy, and parents' attitudes toward exceptional children questionnaires. A pre-test was conducted on both groups. The experimental group underwent ten sessions of patience training, while no training was provided to the control group. After the training sessions, both groups took the questionnaires again (post-test). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MONCOVA). The results revealed that patience training led to enhanced self-efficacy, reduced hopelessness, improved attitude, increased failure tolerance, and lower levels of shame in mothers with exceptional children. As a result, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists focus on patience training in family education programs and groups of parents of exceptional children.
Keywords: Patience, Self-Efficacy, Attitude, Mothers Of Exceptional Children.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
When an exceptional child is born, the parent's experience of parenting and the process of acceptance will be different. (Azad Yekta, 2021). An exceptional child is defined as a child with mental, physical, social, or emotional disorders that may stop or slow down their growth and development. This could lead to behavioral and emotional issues, and pose challenges for parents (Joe and Associates, 2020, Afsari & Zeinali, 2021). Parents may feel a wide range of emotions, including anger, guilt, and disappointment, in their struggle to adapt to the situation of having an exceptional child. This experience has been linked to mental health issues and marriage problems and often leads to a need for receiving educational and empowerment programs (Rane, 2020; Kargar and Asghari Ebrahim Abad, 2015; Rezapour Mirsaleh and associates, 2020). One of the primary reasons for educating mothers is to shape, change and improve their behavior. Group education has been found to be among the most effective approaches in recent years (Norouzi and Associates, 2019). However, there has been a lack of focus on the importance of patience in regard to factors such as self-efficacy and attitude. The potential benefits of cultural and spiritual practices in improving self-efficacy and changing attitudes towards exceptional children have also not received sufficient attention.
This study aims to investigate the effects of a patient-education group based on cultural and religious teachings to enhance endurance and acceptance of hardships in the mothers of exceptional children. The goal is to examine whether this intervention will improve self-efficacy and attitudes in these mothers or not.
Literature review
The experience of living with an exceptional child can be highly challenging for mothers, who are under tremendous mental pressure to help their children navigate various difficulties and maintain their well-being. In this environment, their attitude towards their children is crucial, as it can greatly impact their ability to manage the various challenges they face and ensure their family's well-being (Jebelli & Khademi, 2019; Rani, 2020). Belief in one's self-efficacy has been identified as an important factor in influencing people's attitudes. Triandis explains that improvements in attitude can lead to increases in self-efficacy (Namazi & Associates, 2020). Along with positive attitudes, self-efficacy can fulfill basic cognitive needs such as a sense of worth, autonomy, and social relations. Moreover, the journey towards building self-efficacy can be a challenging one for exceptional children's parents, with potential ups and downs (Smart, 2016).
The role of self-efficacy in life is well-documented, particularly in the context of providing mothers of exceptional children with the necessary skills and support to navigate the challenges they face. Improving self-efficacy has been identified as a priority for these mothers and makes it urgent to develop interventions to address this need. Patience, as outlined by Currier and associates (2015), is central in allowing individuals to find meaning and purpose in times of difficulty. This can provide a valuable framework for understanding the role of self-efficacy in supporting mothers of exceptional children to navigate challenges and find a sense of purpose in their roles.
Patience can be defined as an individual's capability to delay a desired outcome without experiencing negative emotions or reactions towards the present situation (Roberts & Fishbach, 2020). Patience, from a psychological perspective, refers to one's ability to effectively manage internal and external pressures. This can involve learning to respond to challenging situations in a way that reduces stress levels and promotes a sense of emotional security. Psychologists identify three main components in the development and maintenance of patience: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. These components relate to an individual's ability to tolerate uncertainty, regulate their emotions and beliefs, and modify their behaviors accordingly (Ghebari Bonab & Associates, 2017). Overall, patience
Methodology
This research study examines the impact of patience education on the self-efficacy and attitudes of mothers with children with special needs. The study utilizes a quasi-experimental design, with a randomized control group consisting of two groups of moms: the examination group that received 10 training sessions on patience and the witness group that did not receive any training. The study collected data from 32 moms via pre-testing and post-testing, using questionnaires focused on patience, self-efficacy, and parental attitudes towards exceptional children. This is an important area of research as there is a need to identify and implement effective methods to improve the well-being of mothers with children with special needs.
Introduction to intervention program
Based on this information, it appears that the 10-session training program focused on building patience through a variety of strategies, including:
Learning to use software to facilitate the process
Understanding pain conservation and acceptance
Developing a new perspective on life events
Acquiring an understanding of the process of grief
Recognizing the blessings bestowed by God
Learning to not put oneself in pain while raising exceptional children
Finding inspiration by studying the story of Moses and Khizr
Distincting between tolerance and patience
Improving anger management skills
Developing a sense of positivity
Understanding the different types of angry people and managing anger
Developing existential capacity and assumptions
Identifying ways to develop patience, including changing attitudes towards life and recognizing that patience is a learnable skill
Studying holy verses on patience and its consequences, and engaging in Q&A.
Overall, the program aimed to promote patience among mothers of exceptional children through a combination of educational, spiritual and emotional tools.
Results
The research data was analyzed using single and multi-factor analysis of covariance, and the results indicate that the training of patience can have a positive effect on self-efficacy, change of attitude, failure, disappointment, shame, and patience of mothers of exceptional children.
Table 1. results of comparing two groups in self-efficacy and patience.
factor
Source for change
Sum of squares
Degree od freedom
Average sum of squares
F
P
Effect size
Self-effocacy
Pre-test
84/94
1
84/94
10/1
30/0
03/0
group
17/692
1
7/692
08/8
008/0
21/0
error
34/2483
29
63/85
total
81689
32
Pre-test
75/360
1
75/360
96/5
02/0
17/0
Patience
group
05/684
1
05/687
35/11
002/0
28/0
error
93/1754
29
51/60
total
256823
32
Based on the table provided, it is clear that there is a significant difference between the examination group, which received the training of patience, and the witness group, which did not receive training, in terms of self-efficacy and patience. Specifically, the examination group demonstrated higher self-efficacy and patience in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test phase, indicating that the training of patience has been effective in improving these outcomes. These findings suggest that the training of patience may be an effective intervention strategy to enhance the well-being of mothers of exceptional children.
Discussion
From the findings of this study, it is evident that training in patience can positively influence the self-efficacy, change of attitude, failure, disappointment, shame, and patience of mothers of exceptional children. Patience is an innate human trait that enables individuals to develop the ability to handle life pressures with resilience. The ability to defer one's own interests with the hope of attaining knowledge or a desirable outcome in the future is critical for personal growth and well-being. By improving their patience skills, mothers of exceptional children may be better equipped to handle the challenges of raising children with special needs.
Conclusion
The study showed significant differences in the self-efficacy, change of attitude, failure, disappointment, shame, and patience levels of mothers of children with exceptional needs between the examination and witness groups. As a result, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists consider incorporating patient training in the family education and group programs of mothers of children with exceptional needs to enhance their well-being.
Acknowledgements
We extend our gratitude to the mothers who participated in the study and provided valuable insights into the effect of patient training on their well-being. Their participation was crucial in helping us gather important data and make meaningful contributions to the field. We hope that this research can contribute to developing more effective interventions to support the needs of mothers of exceptional children.
parya amanabi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare emotional investment in body, Individual protective factors index and children’s Coping Behavior with blind and deaf children cope Problems in the city of Tabriz. This study was a descriptive, causal – comparative one. The study population was all ...
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The purpose of this study was to compare emotional investment in body, Individual protective factors index and children’s Coping Behavior with blind and deaf children cope Problems in the city of Tabriz. This study was a descriptive, causal – comparative one. The study population was all blind and deaf children in exceptional schools in Tabriz city by cluster sampling, a sample of 150 blind children were selected by convenience sampling method. To gather data two standard questionnaires were applied: Body Investment Scale questionnaire and child coping behavior questionnaire and data analysis was done through multi-variable analysis of variance. The results of this study indicated that in the significant level (P <0.05) among the components of emotional investment in the body, only below the variable only below the variable of body image and feeling (p=0/032), among the components of Individual Protective Factors IndexThere is a significant difference between the social competence (p=0/012) and the components of children’s coping behavior with problems only unde r destructive coping (p=0.019), There is a significant difference between blind and deaf children. This finding has important implications as regards the education and mental health of Blind and Deaf students. Can be used in educational strategies and can offer valuable guidelines to families, officials and experts.
Mohammad Narimani; Sanaz Eyni; Jhila Neiazi
Abstract
One of the most important issues in blind people is their memory and auditory processing. The purpose of this research was to systematically review the researches conducted in the field of auditory processing and types of memory of blind people compared to sighted people. The method of this research ...
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One of the most important issues in blind people is their memory and auditory processing. The purpose of this research was to systematically review the researches conducted in the field of auditory processing and types of memory of blind people compared to sighted people. The method of this research was a systematic review of 26 articles in the years 1388-1395 and 2004-2022 in the field of research related to memory and auditory processing of blind people compared to sighted people using Google Scholar, Eric, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, as well as Magiran, SID, Comprehensive Humanities Portal, Iran Doc, Noormags with the keywords of blindness, visual impairment, auditory processing, sighted and congenitally blind were used and selected for systematic reviews. The findings showed that out of 1381 sample groups, 48 percent were blind and 715 sighted participated. 30% of the studies in the field of short-term memory, 33% in the field of auditory-verbal memory, 15% in working memory, 11% in spatial memory, 7% in olfactory memory and 4% in numerical memory compared blind and sighted people. The findings indicated that, in general, in short-term memory, auditory-verbal memory, and working memory, the performance of blind people was better than that of sighted people. In the field of spatial memory, the results were inconsistent, and there was no significant difference between the olfactory memory of blind and sighted people. In terms of numerical memory, the performance of sighted people was better. In general, it is better to conduct more research focusing on one type of memory so that all aspects of it can be clarified.
Farokh lagha Akafi broujeny; Masoumeh Behboodi; Farideh dokaneifard
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the personality traits of mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the personality traits of mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 45 mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder were selected by available sampling method and were equally and randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). The experimental groups received separate training in acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, while the members of the control group did not participate in these programs. Subjects were evaluated using the five major personality factors questionnaire (1987). The data was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The research findings indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on extroversion and cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on the responsibility of this group of people (P<0.01). Also, examining the difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatment methods on extroversion and responsibility (P<0.05). From this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can play an important role in modulating the personality traits of mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder.