Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

 
The Effectiveness of Hope Therapy on Improving Depression and Quality of Life among Mothers of Intellectual Disability Children
This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of hope therapy on improvement of depression and quality of life among mothers of intellectual disability children. The research procedure is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. Research population consists of mothers of intellectual disability whose children have been students of 28 exceptional schools in the academic year of 2011-2012 in Mashhad. 30mothers of intellectually disable children are selected by using multistage cluster sampling and are and randomly assigned in two experimental (15 persons) and control groups (15 persons). The experimental group receives hope therapy training for 6 sessions. The data are gathered by using Beck Depression Inventory-Õ and the brief form of quality of life questionnaires. Questionnaires are completed by both experimental and control groups in three stages before, after and 4 weeks after the intervention (follow-up phase). The results are analyzed with Moncova using SPSS 18 software. The Moncova analysis results show that there is significant difference between average scores of experimental and control groups in both post-test and follow-up stages )P<0/001). As a conclusion, hope therapy training is quite effective in improving depression and quality of life in mothers of intellectually children.

Keywords

بخشانی، ن. (1381). بررسی ابعاد شخصیتی با رویدادهای استرس زا و حمایت‌های اجتماعی در افراد افسرده آزمون مدل شناختی افسردگی. پایان نامه دکتری، انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران.
رئیسیان، ا، گلزاری، م، برجعلی، ا. (1390). اثربخشی امید درمانی بر کاهش میزان افسردگی و               پیشگیری از عود در زنان درمان جوی وابسته به مواد مخدر. مجله اعتبادپژوهی سوءمصرف مواد، 17، 21-39.
شریفی درآمدی، پ. (1381).  روان‏شناسی کودکان استثنایی. تهران:  روان‏سنجی.
علیزاده، ح. (1381).  تأثیر فرزند معلول بر خانواده (قسمت اول). ماهنامه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی، 14، 7-3.
کوهسالی، م، میرزمانی، م، محمدخانی کریملو، م. (1386). مقایسه سازگاری اجتماعی مادران دختران عقب‏مانده‏ذهنی آموزش‏پذیر با مادران دختران عادی شهر کاشان. مجله توانبخشی، 8 (2)، 47-40.
مارنات، گر. گ(بی‏تا). راهنمای سنجش روانی. ترجمه حسن پاشا شریفی و محمدرضا نیکخو (1386). تهران: رشد.
نصیری، ح. (1385). بررسی روایی و پایایی مقیاس کوتاه کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی (WHOQOL-BREF) و تهیه نسخه ایرانی آن، مجموعه مقالات سومین سمینار سرسری بهداشت روانی دانشجویان، 3 و 4 خرداد ماه 1385.
نصیری، ح، رضویه، ا. (1385). بررسی کیفیت زندگی دانشجویان دانشگاه شیراز بر اساس مقیاس کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی (WHOQOL-BREF)، مجموعه مقالات سومین سمینار سراسری بهداشت روانی دانشجویان، 3 و 4 خرداد ماه 1385.
Banson, W. (2006). The role of hope and study skills in predicting test anxiety level of university students high school and psychological health, self esteem, positive thinking and social communication. These is for degree of master of science in the department of educational sciences middle esst technical university.
Chimick, W. ., & Nekolaichak, Ch. L. (2004). Exploring the links between depression, integrity and hope in the elderly. Journal Psychiatry, 49, 428-433.
Dea, M. A., Badr Dnsc. (2010). Predictors of coping in parents of children with an intellectual disability: Comparison between Lebanese mothers and fathers. Journal of        Pediatric Nursing, 25, 46-56.
Faust, H., Scior, K. (2008). Mental healh problems in young people with intellectual disabilities: the impact on parents. Journal of Applied research in Intellectual        disabilities, 21, 414-24.
Gupta, A., Single, N. (2004). Positive perceptions in parents of children with disability. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Hournal, 15(1), 22-35.
Hankins, S. J. (2004). Measuring the efficacy of the Synder hope theory as an intervention with an inpatient population. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy, The university of Mississippi.
Kirkham, A. A. (1993). Two-year follow-up of skills training with mother of children with   disabilities. AJMR, 97(5), 509-520.
Leung, C. Y., Piny Li-Tsang, C. W. (2003). Quility of life of parent who have children with disabilities. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 13(1), 19-24.
Naumann, V. J. , & Byrne, G. J. (2004). WHOQOL-BRIEF as a measure of quality of life in older patients with depression, Int Psychogeriatr, 16, 159-173.
Mehmet, C., Rozien, M. (2009). You’ve got to have hope: studies show "hope therapy" fights depression. Ohio State University: Anouymous. New SRX science. Atlanta.
McClement, S. E., Chochinov, H. M. (2008). Hope in advanced cancer patiants.       Eur J Cancer, 44, 1169-74.
McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., Chang, M. Y., Jarrah, S., Shukri, R. (2008). The  impact on mothers of bringing up a child with intellectual disabilities: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 65-74.
Patterson, J. M., Garwich, A. W. (1994). The impact of chronic illness on families: A family systems perspective. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 131-141.
Pelchat, D., Lefebvre, H. (2004). A holistic intervention program for families with a child with an intellectual disability. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48, 124-131.
Peters-Scheffer, N., Didden, R., Korzilius, H. (2012). Maternal stress predicted by characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectuall disability.     Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, 696-706.
Salovita, T., Italinna, M., Leinonen, E. (2003). Explaning the parental stress of fathers and mothers caring for a child with intellectual disability. A double ABCX model. Journal Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4), 300-20.
Schrank, B., Stanghellini, G., Slade, M. (2008). Hope in psychiatry: A review of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118(2), 421-433.
Singer, G. H. (2006). Meta-analysis of comparative studies of depression in mothers of children with and without developmental disabilities. Am J Mental Retard, 111(3), 155-169.
Synder, C. R. (2004). Hope and depression: A light in the darkness. J Soc Clin Psychol, 23, 347-351.
Synder, C. R., Rand, K. L. (2005). Hopelessness and health. In N. Anderson (Ed. ),Encyclopedia of health and behavior, Thousand Oaks, CA sage. 521-523.
Synder, c.R., Irving, L., Anderson, J. R. (1991). “Hope and health: Measuring the will and ways”, In: C. R. Synder D. R. Forsyth(Eds.), Handbook of Social and clinical Psychology: The Health Perspective. New York: Pergamon Press; 285-305.