usef jalali
Abstract
The poor theory of mind is one of the basic defects of children with intellectual disability, which causes a major dysfunction in most of their functions. This study aimed to design an educational program based on group plays and determine its effectiveness on theory of mind and self-esteem in children ...
Read More
The poor theory of mind is one of the basic defects of children with intellectual disability, which causes a major dysfunction in most of their functions. This study aimed to design an educational program based on group plays and determine its effectiveness on theory of mind and self-esteem in children with mild intellectual disability. This study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up. The population was all students with mild intellectual disability in Tehran in second elementary school who were studying in exceptional schools for the 2022-2023 school year. The sample consisted of 28 male students who were included in the study using convenience sampling and randomly divided into the experimental and control group. The instruments were Theory of Mind test of Steerneman (1999) and Self-Esteem Scale of Rosenberg (1965). The intervention program was implemented on the experimental group in 24 sessions of 90 minutes. Moreover, a follow-up was performed two month after the sessions. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that the educational program of this study has good validity and reliability. Moreover, it has a significant effect on improving theory of mind and self-esteem (p< 0.001), and this effect was sustainable after two month. Parents, teachers, psychologists and rehabilitation centers can use the plays of this educational program to improve theory of mind and self-esteem of children with mild intellectual disability.
shahla pezeshk; janet hashemiazar; usef jalali
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the neuropsychological function of adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer disease. Research method was descriptive. Population of study was adults with Down syndrome that were been keeping in the center of disabled and mentally retarded peoples in Tehran ...
Read More
The present study aimed to compare the neuropsychological function of adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer disease. Research method was descriptive. Population of study was adults with Down syndrome that were been keeping in the center of disabled and mentally retarded peoples in Tehran on a full-time basis or were involved in rehabilitative activities on a part-time basis. Using the convenient sampling method, number of 16 adults with Alzheimer disease and number of 16 adults without Alzheimer disease were selected through dementia screening questionnaire for individuals with intellectual disabilities and then for comparing the neuropsychological function of samples, we used the bender-gestalt test and Wechsler intelligence scale for children, fourth edition. We also use the two independent samples t-test for answering the research questions. Results of bender-gestalt test indicated a significant difference between adults with Alzheimer and those without Alzheimer in terms of the frequency of errors. In other word, the frequency of errors in adults with Alzheimer was more than adults without Alzheimer. Results of Wechsler intelligence scale for children indicated no significant difference between adults with Alzheimer and those without Alzheimer in terms of the test factors such as “General ability, cognitive mastery, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory and information processing speed” but there was a significant difference between the two groups in the subtests of Wechsler scale, In other word, non-Alzheimer group’s performance was better than Alzheimer group in the subtests.