MOHSEN NIAZI; Sayed Hossein Siadatian Arani
Abstract
Abstract
Adolescence is known as one of the most challenging periods in human life, which brings many emotional, social and even educational crises. This course can be faced with more challenges and sufferings for teenagers who are intellectual disability, so the purpose of this research was to explain ...
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Abstract
Adolescence is known as one of the most challenging periods in human life, which brings many emotional, social and even educational crises. This course can be faced with more challenges and sufferings for teenagers who are intellectual disability, so the purpose of this research was to explain the lived experience of the challenges of intellectual disability teenagers. The research population included all boys with intellectual disability in the pre-professional and vocational schools of Kashan who were studying in the academic year 1402-1401, among them 9 people were targeted for Research were selected. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the 7-step Colaizzi method. The results indicated the extraction of 3 main themes and 9 secondary themes. The main themes are: 1- social challenge (1- job and career future and worry about it, 2- free time, 3- shame and embarrassment of recognition, 4- concern about marriage), 2- individual challenge (1- acceptance) The negatives were 2- positive acceptance, 3- diseases and the need for medicine, 4- financial independence), 3- family challenges (1- family attitude) which were examined in detail in the research. According to the results, it was determined that it is necessary to deal with the problems and challenges of intellectual disability teenagers, and therefore, providing support and educational services for teenagers and their families can reduce their problems.
Keywords: Lived Experience, Phenomenological, Adolescent, Intellectual.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Intellectual disability (ID) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders that during the developmental period brings various harms to the affected person, family and society. According to the latest definitions of the American Association of Mental and Developmental Disabilities, this disorder is diagnosed with criteria such as damage in the field of mental functions such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, learning, practical experience and understanding, as well as adaptive functioning. (Halvarsen et al., 2023). Adolescence is one of the most important stages in the development of human personality. Adolescents face many challenges in this period. These problems are also seen for teenagers with intellectual disabilities, such that weakness in self-confidence, anger control, inability to regulate personal and interpersonal demands, concern about social acceptance are other problems of theirs (Drozd et al., 2020).
Research Question
The current research seeks to answer the question, what issues, problems and challenges do teenagers with intellectual disabilities face?
Literature Review
Kedrova and Matantseva (2016) concluded that by teaching self-regulation, a large amount of challenges of adolescents with intellectual disability can be reduced. Pratt and Greydanus (2007) said that if a suitable support system is formed for adolescents with intellectual disability from the family and society, there will be fewer challenges for the adolescent and the family during this period. The only qualitative research conducted in the field of adolescents with intellectual disabilities is Shams-e-Islami, Mousavi and Rezaei (2023), who in their research entitled "Explaining the concept of loneliness in mentally retarded adolescents based on the existential phenomenology approach" showed four main themes in the interviews. "Loneliness as an experience of separation", "consequences of loneliness", "the meaning of loneliness" and "loneliness as a basic life experience" were extracted, and each of these main themes emerged through the analysis of several sub-themes.
Methodology
The current research was of qualitative type and phenomenological method was used for its implementation. This research, using the research tradition of lived experience, tried to identify the reality, as it appears to the research subjects. In the implementation of this phenomenological research, instead of using data to test hypotheses arising from research literature, which is done in other quantitative researches, verbal reports of people about their experiences were used as data. The statistical population included all boys with mental disabilities who were studying in pre-professional and professional schools in the academic year of 2022-2023 in Kashan city. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews, individually and face-to-face in a separate room from the classroom. The questions asked focused on the problems and issues that these teenagers experience in school and outside of school. With the informed consent of the participants and educational staff, the interviews were recorded anonymously. Depending on the willingness of the participants and the conditions of the interview, the duration took between 20 and 45 minutes. For reliability, the findings, including the main themes and sub-themes of the research, were examined, consulted and modified through the opinions of faculty members of the Department of Psychology of Exceptional Children of Isfahan University. The participants in this research were 9 people who were in the age range of 16 to 22 years, and their average age was about 17 years, and the educational level of these people was from 8th to 12th.
Results
After analyzing the data, 3 main themes and 9 sub-themes were extracted, which can represent the experiences of boys with intellectual disabilities. In Table 1, the main theme and sub-themes extracted from the research are summarized.
Table 1
Table 1: Themes extracted from the interviews
Main themes
Sub-themes
Social challenge
Career and career future and worry about it
Free time
Shame and embarrassment of recognition
Marriage concern
Individual challenge
Negative acceptance
Positive acceptance
Diseases and the need for medicine
Financial independence
Family challenge
Family attitude
Discussion
By providing the successful employment of teenagers with intellectual disabilities, the goals of education and training of this group are met to a great extent, because many educational processes are designed to achieve a career success for the future. Participating in leisure activities not only strengthens self-confidence, mental vitality and vitality, but also strengthens the sensory and motor skills of people with intellectual disability and reduces behavioral problems, progress in education, personal sufficiency and expansion of interactions. Sexual need is considered as an undeniable need in people with intellectual disabilities, but in the context of the ability of these people to marry and accept the role of wife and parenthood, the intelligence conditions, abilities and skills of these people, as well as support and educational services in that community should be noticed. The higher the quality of educational programs in exceptional educational schools in order to adapt to society, acquire social skills and prepare for jobs, the acceptance rate of these schools can be increased.
Conclusion
Based on the results obtained in the present research, it can be stated that the challenges faced by boys with intellectual disability can be examined and explained from different personal, family, social and psychological angles, and solutions should be found for each of them.
Acknowledgments
All the teenagers who participated in this research are thanked and appreciated.
Sakine Pourtaleb; Bagher Ghobari Bonab; Sogand Ghasemzadeh; Hamed Babakri
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the forgiveness program in reducing anger problems and promoting anger management in adolescents residing in Tehran Correctional Center. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the forgiveness program in reducing anger problems and promoting anger management in adolescents residing in Tehran Correctional Center. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. In this study, 30 adolescents with behavioral problems residing in the correctional center were selected by available sampling method. Subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 16 sessions of 120-minute forgiveness training sessions, while the control group was not trained. The data collection tool in this study was the STAXI-2 Spielberger Anger-Trait Anger Questionnaire and the obtained data were analyzed by univariate covariance method using SPSS software version 23. Findings showed that forgiveness program training has a significant effect on anger management skills of adolescents with behavioral problems (p <0.05). Therefore, teaching this program is associated with positive and effective results on controlling and managing the anger of the experimental group, and paying attention to forgiveness programs in reducing adolescent behavioral problems is necessary and of particular importance.
mehdi zareiee hoseini abadi; morteza omidian
Abstract
This study examined the effect of communicational skills training on social anxiety in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The current investigation was experimental method and design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual ...
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This study examined the effect of communicational skills training on social anxiety in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The current investigation was experimental method and design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual disability 11-20 years intellectual disability special schools in Yazd in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample of this study included 40 students that randomly selected and divided into experiment and control groups (20 persons in each group). The instruments used in this study was La Greca Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). The communicational skills training program including 12 sessions of 50 minutes was carried to the experimental group. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as covariance analysis was used for data analysis. The Results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between experiment and control groups among social anxiety and all its dimension (p<0/01). The obtained results of data analysis demonstrated that communicational skills training decreased social anxiety (58%) and its components [fear of negative evaluation; social avoidance and distress in new situations; and social avoidance and distress-general (59/30%)] in adolescents of experimental group in compare with control group. Therefore, the research suggests to emphasis on communicational skills training for student with intellectual disability.
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Abstract
This study examined the effect of communicational skills training on social anxiety in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The current investigation was Experimental method and design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual ...
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This study examined the effect of communicational skills training on social anxiety in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The current investigation was Experimental method and design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual disability 11-20 years intellectual disability special schools in Yazd in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample of this study included 40 students that randomly selected and divided into experiment and control groups (20 persons in each group). The instruments used in this study was La Greca Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). The communicational skills training program including 12 sessions of 50 minutes was carried to the experimental group. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as independent t-test and variance analysis was used for data analysis.The Results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between experiment and control groups among social anxiety and all its dimension (p<0/01). The obtained results of data analysis demonstrated that communicational skills training decreased social anxiety (58%) and its components [fear of negative evaluation; social avoidance and distress in new situations; and social avoidance and distress-general (59/30%)] in adolescents of experimental group in compare with control group. Therefore, the research suggests to emphasis on communicational skills training for student with intellectual disability.
akram hodapoor; parviz sharifidaramadi; farangis kazemi
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness attribution style’s change on depression rate decrease, of adolescent blind girls. This study was carried out on experimental basis in pre-test, post-test design with control group. For this purpose, using the available sampling ...
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The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness attribution style’s change on depression rate decrease, of adolescent blind girls. This study was carried out on experimental basis in pre-test, post-test design with control group. For this purpose, using the available sampling method, 30 of the depressed blind girls were selected and randomly substituted into two test and control groups, they were studying in secondary and high school stages of Tehran ‘Narjes blind school’ in the academic year of 2011-2012 and were placed in negative state/situations of internal, stable and general attribution style. Subjects of the experimental group were placed under attribution style change program’s educational course in ten, 45 minutes sessions in group form; however the control group did not receive any kind of education in this regard. The research data collected by ‘adolescence and children depression test’ as well as by the questionnaire of ‘adolescent and children attribution style’ and analyzed using the Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test and the Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. The obtained results indicated that, the attribution style change of internal, stable and general to external, unstable and specific have significant effect on reducing of depression rate (p < 0/0001). This can be concluded, thus, that the attribution style change was effective in depression rate decrease of blinds girl’s adolescents.