Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad niversity, Shahrekord, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a parent-centered intervention based on Incredible years on adaptive behavior of 5-7 years old intellectual disability children. This study was experimental with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all educable intellectual disability students who were studying in special centers in Lordegan in 2018. Thirty people were randomly selected and assigned to two groups of 15 (experimental and control). The vinland Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire was administered to the two groups as a pre-test. Then the parents of the experimental group were treated to an incredible interventional program for 12 sessions and the control group's parents did not receive any intervention during this period. At the end of the intervention period and 3 months later, the Vineland Behavioral Test was again administered to the two groups as post-test and follow-up respectively. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using spss22 software. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the performance of the two experimental and control groups in adjustment behavior (p <0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the intervention program of the incredible years was effective in improving the behavioral behavior of intellectual disability children and the subscales of occupational problems, socialization, communication and self-help dress , and the viability of the intervention program remained after 3 months.

Keywords

ابراهیمی، ف و طاهری، م. (1397). تأثیر آموزش ‌مهارت‌های خودتنظیمی بر ‌مهارت‌های اجتماعی و کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان پیش‌دبستانی مبتلا به کم‌توانی ذهنی خفیف. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی افراد استثنایی، 8 (32)، 125-101.
آقایی‌نژاد، ج.، فرامرزی، س و عابدی، ا. (1390). تأثیر یک دوره فعالیت منظم ورزشی بر پرخاشگری‌، عزت نفس و بهبود رفتارسازشی دانش آموزان عقب ماندة ذهنی ‌آموزش‌پذیر. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد خوراسگان.
انجمن روانپزشکی آمریکا. (2013). راهنمای تشخیصی و آماری اختلال‌های روانی. ترجمه: محمدرضا نیکخو و هامایاک آوادیا نس. تهران. انتشارات سخن.
بشلیده، ک. (1393). روش‌های پژوهش و تحلیل آماری مثال‌های پژوهشی با Spss و Amos. اهواز: دانشگاه شهید چمران.
جلیلوند، م و غباری بناب، ب. (1383). تأثیر هنر نمایشی بر رشد اجتماعی کودکان کم‌توان ذهنی ‌آموزش‌پذیر. پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنایی، 4 (1)، 14-11
خدایاری فرد، م. (1395). آسیب شناسی کودک و نوجوان. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
رویت‌وند غیاثوند، ن و امیری، م. (1397). اثربخشی نرم افزار شناختی کاپیتان لاگ بر حافظه فعال دانش آموزان دارای ناتوانی یادگیری. فصلنامه توانمندسازی کودکان استثنایی، (3)9، 15-5.
سادوک، ب.، سادوک و.، و  رونیز، پ. (2015)، خلاصه‌یروانپزشکی: علومرفتاری/ روانپزشکیبالینی. ترجمه‌ی رضاعی، ف. (1395). جلد سوم، چاپ دوم. اصفهان: انتشارات ارجمند.
سیف نراقی، م و نادری، ع. (1397). روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی. تهران: انتشارات ارسباران.
شکوهی یکتا، م و پرند، ا. (1389). روان شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی. تهران: تیمورزاد، طبیب.
فرامرزی، س.، افروز، غ و ملک پور، م. (1387). تأثیر مداخلات بهنگام روان شناختی و آموزشی خانواده محور بر رفتار سازشی فرزندان با نشانگان داون. پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنایی، 8 (3)، صص:270-250.
محمدزاده، ع و قمرانی، ا. (1396). معرفی برنامه سال‌های شگفت انگیز به منظور کاهش مشکلات رفتاری کودکان. تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی، 4/147، 30-19.
محمدزاده، ع و قمرانی، ا. (1397). تأثیر آموزش برنامه‌ی سال‌های باورنکردنی بر ‌مهارت‌های اجتماعی دانش آموزان ‌کم‌توان ذهنی. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی افراد استثنایی، 7 (25)، 97 تا 119.
 
Allison, S.M, (2004). Predictor of social competence among children epilepsy, Ph.D Dissertations, Gorge Washington university.
Arnold. S. E. (1995). The effect of cognitive - procces approach on training students with moderate intellectual disabilities to request assistant on community – based vocational in struction sites Mental Retardation Social Skills Training. Georgia State University.
Brooks, B. A., Floyd, F., Robins, D. L., & Chan, W. Y. (2015). Extracurricular Activities and the Development of Social Skills in Children with Intellectual and Specific Learning Disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59 (7), 678-687.
Dababnah S. Pilot Trial of the Incredible Years for Parents of Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Doctoral dissertation]. [North Carolina, USA]: Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina. 2014; pp: 2.
Donovan, M. S., & Cross, C. T. (Eds.) (2002). Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education Washington, DC: National Academy Press. This text explores many topics related to special education and minority children. The assessment chapter includes a discussion of conceptual andpractical issues in adaptive behavior assessment.
Emerson E. (2003). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. J0urnal of Intellect Disabil Res 2003; 47 (Pt 1): 51-8.
 Gargiulo R M. (2012). Special education in contemporary society : an introduction to exceptionality (4th). United States:Sage Publications.
Gopalan, R. T. (2016). Handbook of Research on Diagnosing, Treating, and Managing Intellectual Disabilities. 1st Edition. Hershey: Information Science Reference.
Homem, T. C, Gaspar, M.F., Sebrata- Santos, M. J., Canavarro, M.C., Azevedo,A.F. (2014). Apilot study with the incredible years parenting training: does it work for father 0f prescholers with oppositional behavior symptoms? Fathering: A Journal of Theory Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers, 12 (3): 262-282.
 Kirk S., Gallagher J.J., Coleman MR & Anastasiow N. (2009). Educating Exceptional Children (20th‌). Boston New York: Houghton Miffl in Harcourt Publishing Company.
Kumar I, Singh AR, Akhtar S. (2009). Social development of children with mental retardation. Industrial PsychiatryJournal 2009; 18: 56-9.
Lowell, M, & Barabara, M. (1993). Teaching and secondary students with mild learning and behavior problems. New York: Mori Allen.
Luckasson, R. , & Schalock, R. L. Special Issue. What’s at stake in the lives of people with Intellectual Disability? Part II: Recommendations for naming, defining, diagnosing, classifying, and planning supports. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities,2013; 51 (2): 94-101.
Oakland, T. & Harrison (2008). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – II (ABAS-II) : Clinical use and Interpretation. U.S.A. New York, 410.
Reid, M. J., Webster-Stratton. C., & Hammond, M. (2003). Follow-Up of Children Who Received the Incredible Years Intervention for Oppositional-Defiant Disorder: Maintenance and Prediction of 2-Year Outcome. Journal of Behavior Therapy, 34, 471-491.
Reschly, D. J., Myers, T. G., & Hartel, C. R. (Eds.) (2002). Disability Determination for Mental Retardation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press
Sebra- Santos, M. J., Gaspar,M. F., Azevedo,A. F., Guerra,J., Martins,V., Leitoa, S., Pimental, M., Almeida, M., Moura- Ramos and M. (2016). Incredible years’ parent training: What changes, for whom, how, for how long? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 44,93-104.
Steere, D., Rose, E., & Cavaiuolo, D. (2007). Growing Up: Transition to Adult Life for Students wit Disabilities. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Trillingsgaard, T., Trillingsgaard, A., & Webster-stratton, C. (2014). Assessing the Effectiveness of the ‘Incredible Years Parent Training’ to Parents of Young Children with ADHD Symptoms – a Preliminary Report. Journal of Psychology, 55, 538-545.
Webster- Steratton, C, Gaspar, M. F. and Seabra- Santos, M.J. (2012). Incredible years parent teacher and children’s ceries: Transportability to Portugal 0f early intervention programs for preventing conduct problems and promoting social and emotional competence. psychosocial Intervention, 21 (2): 157-169.
Webster-Stratton C, Reid J. The Incredible Years Parents, Teachers and Children Training Series: A Multifaceted Treatment Approach for Young Children with Conduct Problems. In: Weisz JR, Kazdin AE. Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents. 3rd Edition. New York: Guildford Publications. 2017; pp: 129.
Webster-Stratton, C. (2016). The incredible years: use of play interventions and coaching for children with externalizing difficulties. In: Reddy, T. M. Empirically Based Play Interventions forChildren (pp.137-158). 2th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association