Psychology of Exceptional Individuals

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Essential files

Guide to submit articles

Reviwers (2020)

Reviewers (2021)

(Reviewers (2022

Efficiency of the Parents’ Behavioral Training Model (Barkley) on the Emotional Regulation of the Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master of Rehabilitation counseling, Islamic Azad university, Yazd, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Counseling and Psychology department, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder leads to mental, behavioral, and emotional damage to the infected children. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of parents’ behavioral training model (Barkley) on the emotional regulation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The present study was experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group design. The statistical population of the study included male children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the city of Yazd in the autumn and winter of 2018-19. In this study, the sample size was 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) but after the intervention of 2 parents in the experimental group and 2 parents in the control group, they refused to continue the intervention. The parents of the children in the experimental group received eight seventy-five-minute intervention sessions of the parents’ behavioral training model (Barkley) for one month. The applied questionnaires in this study included the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder questionnaire (Brock, Clinton, 2007) and the emotional regulation questionnaire (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997). The data of 26 parents were analyzed by the ANCOVA method using SPSS-23 software. The results showed that the parents’ behavioral training model (Barkley) has a significant effect on the emotional regulation of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (p<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the parents’ behavioral training model (Barkley) can be sued as an efficient method to increase emotional regulation in the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by employing training appropriate methods to decrease the children’s abnormal behavior, the skill of showing positive attention to the children, methods of making positive interaction and managing inappropriate behaviors and the skills of positive attention.

Keywords

References
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub.
Boshoff, K., Bowen, H., Paton, H., Cameron-Smith, S., Graetz, S., Young, A., & Lane, K. (2020). Child Development Outcomes of DIR/Floortime TM-based Programs: A Systematic Review. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 87(2), 153-164.
Cridland, E. K., Jones, S. C., Magee, C. A., & Caputi, P. (2014). Family-focused autism spectrum disorder research: A review of the utility of family systems approaches. Autism, 18(3), 213-222.
Deb, S. S., Retzer, A., Roy, M., Acharya, R., Limbu, B., & Roy, A. (2020). The effectiveness of parent training for children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 1-24.
De Clercq, L. E., Prinzie, P., Warreyn, P., Soenens, B., Dieleman, L. M., & De Pauw, S. S. (2021). Expressed emotion in families of children with and without autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and down syndrome: relations with parenting stress and parenting behaviors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-18.
Dionne, M., & Martini, R. (2011). Floor time play with a child with autism: A single-subject study. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(3), 196-203.
Geier, D. A., Kern, J. K., & Geier, M. R. (2013). A comparison of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for the quantitative evaluation of autism. Journal of mental health research in intellectual disabilities, 6(4), 255-267.
Greenspan, N. S. (2018). Autism, evolution, and the inadequacy of ‘spectrum’. Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2018(1), 213-216.
Greenspan, S. I. & Wieder, S., (2006). Engaging Autism: Using the Floortime Approach to Help Children Relate, Communicate, and Think. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Lifelong Books. CONTACT DETAILS.
Hickey, E. J., Hartley, S. L., & Papp, L. (2020). Psychological Well‐Being and Parent‐Child Relationship Quality in Relation to Child Autism: An Actor‐Partner Modeling Approach. Family process, 59(2), 636-650.
Hoffman, C. D., Sweeney, D. P., Hodge, D., Lopez-Wagner, M. C., & Looney, L. (2009). Parenting stress and closeness: Mothers of typically developing children and mothers of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24(3), 178-187.
Horn, S. E. (2011). DIR/Floortime Model: Using relationship-based intervention to increase social-emotional functioning in children with Autism. Research Papers, 67, 1-29.
Hutchison, L., Feder, M., Abar, B., & Winsler, A. (2016). Relations between parenting stress, parenting style, and child executive functioning for children with ADHD or autism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(12), 3644-3656.
Keenan, B. M., Newman, L. K., Gray, K. M., & Rinehart, N. J. (2016). Parents of children with ASD experience more psychological distress, parenting stress, and attachment-related anxiety. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(9), 2979-2991.
Ku, B., Stinson, J. D., & MacDonald, M. (2019). Parental behavior comparisons between parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and parents of children without Autism Spectrum Disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(6), 1445-1460.
Liao, S. T., Hwang, Y. S., Chen, Y. J., Lee, P., Chen, S. J., & Lin, L. Y. (2014). Home-based DIR/Floortime™ intervention program for preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: Preliminary findings. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics, 34(4), 356-367.
Lorang, E., Hong, J., Song, J., DaWalt, L. S., & Mailick, M. (2021). Verbal Ability, Behavior Problems, and Mother–Child Relationship Quality in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-16.
Mahapatra, S., Khokhlovich, E., Martinez, S., Kannel, B., Edelson, S. M., & Vyshedskiy, A. (2020). Longitudinal epidemiological study of autism subgroups using autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) score. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50(5), 1497-1508.
Maynard, D. W., McDonald, T. A., & Stickle, T. (2016). Parents as a team: Mother, father, a child with autism spectrum disorder, and a spinning toy. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 46(2), 406-423.
McMillan, David W. (2006). Emotion rituals: A resource for therapists and clients. Taylor & Francis Group.
Memari, A. H., Shayestehfar, M., Mirfazeli, F. S., Rashidi, T., Ghanouni, P., & Hafizi, S. (2013). Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the autism treatment evaluation checklist in Persian. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 23(3), 269.
Mercer, J. (2017). Examining DIR/Floortime as a treatment for children with autism spectrum disorders: A review of research and theory. Research on Social Work Practice, 27(5), 625-635.
Mohammadi, M., & Zarafshan, H. (2014). Family function, parenting style and broader autism phenotype as predicting factors of psychological adjustment in typically developing siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 9(2), 55.
Obeid, R., & Daou, N. (2015). The effects of coping style, social support, and behavioral problems on the well-being of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in Lebanon. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 10, 59-70.
O’Neill, L. P., & Murray, L. E. (2016). Perceived parenting styles fail to mediate between anxiety and attachment styles in adult siblings of individuals with developmental disabilities. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 46(9), 3144-3154.
Pajareya, K., & Nopmaneejumruslers, K. (2012). A one-year prospective follow-up study of a DIR/Floortime™ parent training intervention for preschool children with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 95(9), 1184.
Paz-Albo Prieto, J. (2018). Enhancing the quality of early childhood education and care: ECEC tutors’ perspectives of family engagement in Spain. Early Child Development and Care, 188(5), 613-623.
Praphatthanakunwong, N., Kiatrungrit, K., Hongsanguansri, S., & Nopmaneejumruslers, K. (2018). Factors associated with parent engagement in DIR/Floortime for treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder. General psychiatry, 31(2).
Pruitt, M. M., Willis, K., Timmons, L., & Ekas, N. V. (2016). The impact of maternal, child, and family characteristics on the daily well-being and parenting experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 20(8), 973-985.
Riany, Y. E., Cuskelly, M., & Meredith, P. (2019). Parenting style among Indonesian parents of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations with socio-economic status and social supports. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 31(3), 267-283.
Robinson, M., Doherty, D. A., Cannon, J., Hickey, M., Rosenthal, S. L., Marino, J. L., & Skinner, S. R. (2019). Comparing adolescent and parent reports of externalizing problems: A longitudinal population‐based study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 247-268.
Sarachan, J. (2012, September). Virtual floortime using games to engage children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In 2012 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Schaefer, G. B. (2016). Clinical genetic aspects of autism spectrum disorders. International journal of molecular sciences, 17(2), 180.
Shalev, R. A., Lavine, C., & Di Martino, A. (2019). A systematic review of the role of parent characteristics in parent-mediated interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 1-21.
Shillingsburg, M. A., Hansen, B., & Frampton, S. (2018). Clinical application of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to promote play and vocalizations in young children with autism spectrum disorder: A case study and recommendations. In Handbook of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children on the Autism Spectrum (pp. 483-500). Springer, Cham.
Thompson, G. A., Shanahan, E. C., & Gordon, I. (2019). The role of music-based parent-child play activities in supporting social engagement with children on the autism spectrum: A content analysis of parent interviews. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 28(2), 108-130.
Troshanska, J., Trajkovski, V., Jurtoski, F., & Preece, D. (2019). The impact of ASD on Macedonian families and their experience of parent education. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation.
Vaggemose, U., Lou, S., Frumer, M., Christiansen, N. L. S., Aagaard, J., & Qrtenblad, L. (2017). Community Families: Bridging the gap between mental health services and civil society–A qualitative study from users’ perspective. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 63(2), 132-138.
van Esch, L., Ceulemans, E., Van Leeuwen, K., & Noens, I. (2019). The association between parenting behaviours of mothers of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and adolescent and mother characteristics. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 65, 46-55.
Ventola, P., Lei, J., Paisley, C., Lebowitz, E., & Silverman, W. (2017). Parenting a child with ASD: Comparison of parenting style between ASD, anxiety, and typical development. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 47(9), 2873-2884.
Vermeirsch, J., Verhaeghe, L., Casaer, A., Faes, F., Oostra, A., & Roeyers, H. (2021). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in toddlers born very preterm: estimated prevalence and usefulness of screeners and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(5), 1508-1527.
Wachspress, B., Maeir, A., & Mazor-Karsenty, T. (2019). Content Validity of the Parentship Protocol: A Multidimensional Intervention for Parents of Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics, 39(4), 373-387.
Zlomke, K. R., Bauman, S., & Edwards, G. S. (2019). An exploratory study of the utility of the dyadic parent-child interaction coding system for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 31(4), 501-518.
Zlomke, K. R., & Jeter, K. (2020). Comparative Effectiveness of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50(6), 2041-2052.
Psychology of Exceptional Individuals
Volume 12, Issue 45
June 2022
Pages 145-169
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics