Esmaeil Naseri
Abstract
Comorbidity between ADHD and substance use disorders (SUDs) is an area that has attracted the attention of clinicians, researchers, and public health in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the most basic issues related to epidemiology, screening, and therapeutic interventions for ADHD ...
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Comorbidity between ADHD and substance use disorders (SUDs) is an area that has attracted the attention of clinicians, researchers, and public health in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the most basic issues related to epidemiology, screening, and therapeutic interventions for ADHD co-occurring with substance use disorders. Using the research method of reviewing data related to the use of keywords Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, substance use disorders, and comorbidities in Google Scholar and PubMed search engines as well as in NOORMAGS, SID, and Irandoc databases were searched. The data showed that ADHD is a risk factor for SUDs and the prevalence of ADHD is significant among adolescents and adults with SUDs, especially in inpatient settings. Comprehensive ADHD + SUD assessment by a trained clinician in the areas of addiction, differential diagnoses of ADHD, and specific populations, conducting a standard diagnostic interview for a complete clinical history of ADHD before and during withdrawal, and also, a general history of mental and physical health and psychosocial functioning are suggested guidelines for assessing ADHD + SUD. While pharmacotherapy is the first line and the most effective treatment for ADHD, various psychosocial interventions can be performed in combination with medication, including CBT, psychoeducation, metacognitive education, mindfulness training, coaching, and behavioral modification, as well as motivational interviewing. Overall, the evidence suggests that treating ADHD in early childhood can reduce the risk of later substance use at older ages.
fereshteh amouzadeh; hassan gharayagh zandy; manuchehr moradisabzevar; reza rostami; Ali Moghadamzadeh
Abstract
The prime objective of the current study was to comparative the impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stmulation (tDCS) on the Cognitive flexibility of hyperactive student-athletes. In this study, amongst the79 children diagnosed with ADHD, 30 students were randomly selected and divided into two groups ...
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The prime objective of the current study was to comparative the impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stmulation (tDCS) on the Cognitive flexibility of hyperactive student-athletes. In this study, amongst the79 children diagnosed with ADHD, 30 students were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 15 people, control and experimental, based on age, sex and pre-test results performed by the wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) . All subjects in the two groups received two different types of single-position and dummy anode stimulation on the area (F3) with cathode excitation in the area (SO) with a current of 1 mA for 15 minutes for ten sessions (p≤0.05) and after ten sessions, each group was re-examined. After one month, a follow-up test was performed according to the post-test with using the wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test statistical hypotheses. (p≤0.05). The results obtained by multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that applying single-session anodal tDCS influenced Cognitive flexibility of hyperactive student-athletes, and it led to a significant difference between the experimental and sham groups. The findings of the study indicated that the protocol of applying single-session anodal tDCS has the ability to improve the cognitive flexibility of hyperactive student-athletes.
Masomrh Hoseinpour; Zohreh Raeisi; Yousef Goeji Goeji; Akram Dehghani
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of training executive functions on the mother-child interaction and sleep problems of the children with ADHD. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of training executive functions on the mother-child interaction and sleep problems of the children with ADHD. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included the boys with ADHD in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2019-20. 30 children with ADHD were selected through multi-stage clustered sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 children). The experimental group received eight seventy-five-minute executive function interventions. 3 children from the experimental group and 2 children from the control group were dropped from the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included ADHD questionnaire, mother-child interaction questionnaire and child sleep habit questionnaire. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that training executive functions has significant effect on the mother-child interaction and sleep problems of the children with ADHD (p
shahrooz nemati; hamid Alizadeh
Abstract
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that its treatment has been challenged for parents and developmental disabilities professionals. In recent years, neurofeedback is one of the interventions utilized to treat ADHD. The effectiveness of this kind of treatment ...
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Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that its treatment has been challenged for parents and developmental disabilities professionals. In recent years, neurofeedback is one of the interventions utilized to treat ADHD. The effectiveness of this kind of treatment has been controverted. The aim of current study was to identify the nature, characteristics and research evidence about the efficacy of neurofeedback in ADHD. In the same vein, from web of data-based information (Pupmed, Springer, ProQuest, Scopus, and Elsevier) and by using keywords including ADHD, Neurofeedback, QEEG-Informed Neurofeedback, efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD, ADHD and meta-analysis, effect size in neurofeedback treatment in ADHD, EEG and email communication with professional psychologist or psychiatrist, as well, data were gathered and systemically reviewed. Despite reporting more Iranian researches indicating effectiveness of neurofeedback in ADHD treatment, some research evidences including methodological issues, and some characteristics such as the life-span problem, comorbidity, and recent evidence-based practice, impeach the significance of neurofeedback efficacy and the related data. This method is struggling because the neurofeedback is introduced as only an interventionist method, not a miraculous approach, and bring ethical challenges for the researchers. This study stresses on more methodologically accurate investigations on neurofeedback and ADHD.
somaie robatmili; ahmad borjali; hamid alizadeh; mostafa nokni; nourali farokhi
alireza moghadas
Abstract
Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) was the first neurological imaging equipment used on a large scale which allowed the assessment of structural lesions of the brain such as tumors and stroke. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enabled the more precise investigation of smaller lesions of the brain as well ...
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Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) was the first neurological imaging equipment used on a large scale which allowed the assessment of structural lesions of the brain such as tumors and stroke. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enabled the more precise investigation of smaller lesions of the brain as well as abnormalities of the white matter. In addition to neurostructural imaging by means of CT Scan and MRI which occurred in neurofunctional imaging, it enabled clinical scientists to gain a unique knowledge of the human brain by using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). The literature discussed specifically with regard to ADHD is the result of the latest studies and investigations achieved via modern neurological imaging techniques. By using the library method, the latest papers published in the PubMed website, American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP), British Journal of Psychiatry (BJP), and Neuroscience website in this area during a specific period of time from 2007 to 2014 were investigated. The findings of the investigation of damaged areas by means of imaging showed that none of the studies discussed a specific region or part of the brain as the main site of likely damages responsible for ADHD, neither did they make any definite emphasis or have consensus. Each study mentioned a different area or region of the brain as being responsible for such disorder. Despite the willingness and aim of all researchers involved in the areas of psychiatry and other neurological sciences, none of the functions or disorders of the brain has been attributed to a specific part or structure of the brain so far, because the brain functions as a very complex system consisting of billions of intertwined neurons and synaptic structures thus making it impossible to segregate and determine the duties of each part of the brain without investigating the other parts of the brain and their relationships with one another. That is why the general term of ‘minimal brain damage’ was used to explain the cerebral pathology of this disorder in the past, and it has not lost its application despite all the advancements made in this area.
Tahereh Bahmani; Hamideh Alizadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2011, , Pages 27-44
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mother management training on parenting styles and attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Children. This research was done through a quasi-experimental design of pre test- post test with equivalent groups. Twenty-six schools ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mother management training on parenting styles and attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Children. This research was done through a quasi-experimental design of pre test- post test with equivalent groups. Twenty-six schools were selected randomly in Behbahan. Teacher/parent forms of CSI-4 students were utilized to diagnose ADHD. Participants included 40 students who met ADHD criteria, and randomly assigned into 2 experimental and control groups. The experimental mother’s group was invited to participate in training sessions. The training package was based on Barkley (1997). The control group received no training. MANCOVA analysis showed some significant differences in improvement of parenting styles and decreasing the symptoms of children with ADHD. Accordingly, we can conclude that mother management training can be useful in helping these mothers and their children with ADHD.