اثربخشی آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی بر تعامل والد- کودک و رفتارهای اجتماعی کودکان دارای خودکنترلی پایین

شهبازی, فریده; احمدی, رضا; چرامی, مریم; غضنفری, احمد

doi:10.22054/jpe.2021.59359.2294

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی عمومی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران.

² استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

³ استادیار گروه روانشناسی،واحدشهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد ایران

⁴ دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22054/jpe.2021.59359.2294

چکیده

مشکلات رفتاری همچون خودکنترلی پایین سبب بروز آسیب‌های ارتباطی و روان‌شناختی در کودکان می‌شود. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی بر تعامل والد- کودک و رفتارهای اجتماعی کودکان دارای خودکنترلی پایین انجام گرفت. پژوهش حاضر ‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کودکان دارای خودکنترلی پایین شهر اصفهان در سال تحصیلی 400-1399 بود. در این پژوهش تعداد 40 کودک با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب و با گمارش تصادفی در گروه‌های آزمایش و گواه گمارده شدند (هر گروه 20 کودک). گروه آزمایش مداخله کارکردهای اجرایی (فیشر و همکاران، 2005) را طی دو ماه در 8 جلسه 75 دقیقه‌ای دریافت نمودند. در این بین در گروه آزمایش 3 کودک و در گروه گواه گواه نیز 2 کودک ریزش داشتند. پرسشنامه‌های مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه خودکنترلی کودکان (کندال و ویلکاکس، 1979)، پرسشنامه رابطه والد- کودک (پیانتا، 1994) و پرسشنامه مهارت اجتماعی (ماتسون، روتیتوری و هلسل، 1983) بود. داده‌های حاصل از پژوهش به شیوه تحلیل کوواریانس مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی بر تعامل والد- کودک و رفتارهای اجتماعی کودکان دارای خودکنترلی پایین تأثیر معنادار دارد (001/0p<). بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی با بهره‌گیری از فنونی همانند افزایش تمرکز و دقت، سازماندهی فعالیت‌ها، بازداری پاسخ، کنترل تکانشگری و آموزش برنامه‌ریزی می‌تواند به عنوان یک روش کارآمد جهت بهبود تعامل والد- کودک و رفتارهای اجتماعی کودکان دارای خودکنترلی پایین مورد استفاده گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of Executive Functions Training on the Parent-Child Interaction and Social Behaviors of the Children with Low Self-Control

نویسندگان [English]

FARIDEH SHAHBAZI ¹
reza ahmadi ²
maryam chorami ³
ahmad gazanfari ⁴

¹ PhD Student in General Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor of Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad niversity, Shahrekord, Iran

⁴ Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Behavioral problems such as low self-control cause communicational and psychological damages in the children. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of executive functions training on the parent-child interaction and the children’s social behaviors with low self-control. The present study was experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the present study included the children with low self-control in the city of Isfahan in academic year 2020-21. 40 children were selected through multi-stage clustered random sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 children). The experimental group received ten seventy-five-minute sessions of intervention regarding executive functions training (Fischer et al, 2005) during two months. Three children from the experimental group and two from the control group were omitted from the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included Children's Self-control Questionnaire (Kendal & Wilcox, 1979), Parent child relationship scale or (Piyanta, 1994) and social skills questionnaire. The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method . The results showed that executive functions training have significant effect on the parent-child interaction and social behaviors of the children with low self-control. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that executive functions training can be employed as an efficient method to improve parent-child interaction and social behaviors of the children with low self-control through employing techniques such as Increase focus and accuracy, organize activities, respond to deterrence, control impulsivity, and plan training.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Parent child interaction
social behaviors
executive functions training

مراجع

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روانشناسی افراد استثنایی

اثربخشی آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی بر تعامل والد- کودک و رفتارهای اجتماعی کودکان دارای خودکنترلی پایین

مراجع

مراجع

Audiffren, M., André, N. (2015). The strength model of self-control revisited: Linking acute and chronic effects of exercise on executive functions. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(1), 30-46.

Basu, S., Banerjee, B. (2020). Impact of Environmental Factors on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Children and Youth Services Review, In Press, Journal Pre-proof.

Chester, D.S., Lynam, D.R., Milich, R., Powell, D.K., Andersen, A.H., DeWall, C.N. (2016). How do negative emotions impair self-control? A neural model of negative urgency. NeuroImage, 132, 43-50.

Chiang, Y., Lin, D., Lee, C., Lee, M. (2015). Effects of parenting role and parent–child interaction on infant motor development in Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. Early Human Development, 91(4), 259-264.

Chronis-Tuscano, A., Lewis-Morrarty, E., Woods, K.E., O’Brien, K.A., Mazursky-Horowitz, H., Thomas, S.R. (2016). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy With Emotion Coaching for Preschoolers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 23(1), 62-78.

Guney, E., Buyuktaskin, D., Torun, Y.T., Arslan, B., Gulbahar, O., Ozaslan, A., Taner, Y.I., Iseri, E. (2019). Increased serum thioredoxin levels are not correlated with executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience Letters, 705, 118-123.

Ha, O., Lim, S., Bruce, J.M., Bruce, A.C. (2019). Unhealthy foods taste better among children with lower self-control. Appetite, 139, 84-89.

Hill, C.M., Bucks, R.S., Kennedy, C.R., Harrison, D., Carroll, A., Upton, N., Hogan, A.M. (2017). Hearing loss mediates executive function impairment in sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Medicine, 34, 18-23.

Ludmer, J.A., Salsbury, D., Suarez, J., Andrade, B.F. (2017). Accounting for the impact of parent internalizing symptoms on Parent Training benefits: The role of positive parenting. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 252-258.

Marceau, E.M., Kelly, P.J., Solowij, N. (2018). The relationship between executive functions and emotion regulation in females attending therapeutic community treatment for substance use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 182, 58-66.

Meng, H., Ma, J., Shen, Y., Chang, R. (2020). The influences of father absence on primary school children's pedestrian behaviors: The mediating effect of self-control. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7, 100-105.

Mikami, A.Y., Miller. M., Lerner, M.D. (2019). Social functioning in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: transdiagnostic commonalities and differences. Clinical Psychology Review, 68, 54-70.

N’zi, A.M., Lucash, R.E., Clionsky, L.N., Eyber, S.M. (2018). Enhancing Parent–Child Interaction Therapy With Motivational Interviewing Techniques. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 24(2), 131-141.

Rosenblum, S., Navon, H., Meyer, S. (2021). Being late for school as related to mothers and children's executive functions and daily routine management. Cognitive Development, 57, 101-106.

Spinola, S., Maisto, S.A., White, C.N., Huddleson, T. (2017). Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on executive functions controlling self-regulated behavior. Alcohol, 61, 1-8.

Stabouli, S., Gidaris, D., Printza, N., Dotis, J., Papadimitriou, E., Chrysaidou, K., Papachristou, F., Zafeiriou, D. (2019). Sleep disorders and executive function in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease. Sleep Medicine, 55, 33-39.

Zhi, K., Chen, Y., Huang, J. (2020). Children’s self-control and family savings for education: An empirical examination from China. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105-109.

Zhong, S., Wang, Y., Lai, S., Liu, T., Liao, X., Chen, G., Jia, Y. (2018). Associations between executive function impairment and biochemical abnormalities in bipolar disorder with suicidal ideation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 241, 282-290.

دوره 11، شماره 42
تیر 1400
صفحه 159-185

اثربخشی آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی بر تعامل والد- کودک و رفتارهای اجتماعی کودکان دارای خودکنترلی پایین

مراجع

مراجع

Audiffren, M., André, N. (2015). The strength model of self-control revisited: Linking acute and chronic effects of exercise on executive functions. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(1), 30-46.

Basu, S., Banerjee, B. (2020). Impact of Environmental Factors on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Children and Youth Services Review, In Press, Journal Pre-proof.

Chester, D.S., Lynam, D.R., Milich, R., Powell, D.K., Andersen, A.H., DeWall, C.N. (2016). How do negative emotions impair self-control? A neural model of negative urgency. NeuroImage, 132, 43-50.

Chiang, Y., Lin, D., Lee, C., Lee, M. (2015). Effects of parenting role and parent–child interaction on infant motor development in Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. Early Human Development, 91(4), 259-264.

Chronis-Tuscano, A., Lewis-Morrarty, E., Woods, K.E., O’Brien, K.A., Mazursky-Horowitz, H., Thomas, S.R. (2016). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy With Emotion Coaching for Preschoolers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 23(1), 62-78.

Guney, E., Buyuktaskin, D., Torun, Y.T., Arslan, B., Gulbahar, O., Ozaslan, A., Taner, Y.I., Iseri, E. (2019). Increased serum thioredoxin levels are not correlated with executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience Letters, 705, 118-123.

Ha, O., Lim, S., Bruce, J.M., Bruce, A.C. (2019). Unhealthy foods taste better among children with lower self-control. Appetite, 139, 84-89.

Hill, C.M., Bucks, R.S., Kennedy, C.R., Harrison, D., Carroll, A., Upton, N., Hogan, A.M. (2017). Hearing loss mediates executive function impairment in sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Medicine, 34, 18-23.

Ludmer, J.A., Salsbury, D., Suarez, J., Andrade, B.F. (2017). Accounting for the impact of parent internalizing symptoms on Parent Training benefits: The role of positive parenting. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 252-258.

Marceau, E.M., Kelly, P.J., Solowij, N. (2018). The relationship between executive functions and emotion regulation in females attending therapeutic community treatment for substance use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 182, 58-66.

Meng, H., Ma, J., Shen, Y., Chang, R. (2020). The influences of father absence on primary school children's pedestrian behaviors: The mediating effect of self-control. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 7, 100-105.

Mikami, A.Y., Miller. M., Lerner, M.D. (2019). Social functioning in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: transdiagnostic commonalities and differences. Clinical Psychology Review, 68, 54-70.

N’zi, A.M., Lucash, R.E., Clionsky, L.N., Eyber, S.M. (2018). Enhancing Parent–Child Interaction Therapy With Motivational Interviewing Techniques. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 24(2), 131-141.

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دوره 11، شماره 42تیر 1400صفحه 159-185

دوره 11، شماره 42
تیر 1400
صفحه 159-185