نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد روان شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشیارگروه روان شناسی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 استادگروه روان شناسی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

4 دانشیارگروه روان‌پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به مشکلاتی که کودکان با نارسایی‌های عصب تحولی در پردازش‌های حسی با آن مواجه هستند؛ پژوهش حاضر باهدف مقایسه ادراک دیداری- فضایی و پردازش زمانی شنیداری در کودکان با اختلال یادگیری خاص، اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی و نقص توجه/ بیش‌فعالی انجام شد. روش تحقیق پژوهش پس رویدادی و جامعه آماری شامل کودکان دختر و پسر 9 تا 12 ساله مراجعه‌کننده به مرکز روان‌پزشکی کودکان، مراکز اختلال یادگیری و مدارس دوره ابتدایی در سال تحصیلی 400- 1399 شهر رشت بودند. تعداد 79 نفر از این کودکان با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس در سه گروه اختلال قرار گرفتند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از آزمون‌های ادراک دیداری –غیرحرکتی (گاردنر، 1996)، ادراک شنیداری (آلن و سرواتسکا،1994) و سیاهه مشکلات شنوایی (فیشر،1996) استفاده شد. داده‌های پژوهش با تحلیل واریانس تک متغیره و چند متغیره تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد کودکان با اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی در متغیر ادراک دیداری- فضایی و پردازش زمانی شنیداری در مقایسه با گروه اختلال یادگیری خاص و نقص توجه/ بیش‌فعالی نمرات پایین‌تری کسب کردند؛ کودکان با اختلال یادگیری خاص با نارسایی خواندن در مؤلفه (چرخش و وارونگی) ادراک دیداری- فضایی و مؤلفه (دیرش) پردازش زمانی شنیداری در مقایسه با گروه اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش‌فعالی عملکرد پایین‌تری داشتند. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده و وجود نارسایی‌های بیشتر کودکان اختلال یادگیری غیرکلامی در مهارت‌های پردازش حسی دیداری و شنیداری ضروری است که در حوزه آموزش توجه بیشتری به علائم و نشانه‌های این اختلال شود تا با مداخله زودهنگام، مشکلات این کودکان کاهش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Processing in Children with Specific Learning Disorder, Nonverbal Learning Disorder, and Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • maryam zeinali 1
  • mahnaz khosrojavid 2
  • Abbas Abolghasemi 3
  • Maryam Kousha 4

1 M.A. in Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 , Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Given the problems faced by children with neurodevelopmental disorders in sensory processing; the aim of this study is to compare visual-spatial and auditory temporal processing in children with special learning disorders, nonverbal learning disorders, and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The research method is Exe-Post Facto and its statistical population included girls and boys aged 9 to 12 years who were referred to the Child Psychiatry Center, Learning Disabilities Centers, and primary schools in the academic year 1399-400 in Rasht. 79 of these children were divided into three groups of specific learning disorders with dyslexia, nonverbal learning disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by convenience sampling. Data were collected using, the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills, (non-motor)-Revised (Gardner, 1996), Auditory Perception Test (Allen& Serwatka, 1994), and Auditory Problems checklist (Fisher, 1996). Research data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis of variance. The results show that children with a nonverbal learning disorder in all components of visual, and auditory processing components had lower performance than the other two groups. Children with dyslexia also achieved in the component (rotation and inversion) of visual processing and the component (duration) of auditory processing. Based on results and the existence of more deficiencies in children with a nonverbal learning disorder in sensory processing skills (visual and auditory) it is necessary to pay more attention to the signs and symptoms of this disorder in education to reduce the problems of these children by early interventions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder
  • Auditory temporal processing
  • Nonverbal learning disorder
  • Specific learning disorder
  • Visual-spatial processing
منابع
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