نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه روان شناسی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
همبودی بین ADHD و اختلالات مصرف مواد (SUDs) حوزه‌ای است که در سال‌های اخیر موردتوجه بالین گران، پژوهش گران و بهداشت عمومی قرار گرفته است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اساسی‌ترین مباحث مرتبط با شیوع شناسی، غربال‌گری و مداخلات درمانی برای ADHD همبود با اختلالات مصرف مواد است. با استفاده از روش پژوهش مروری داده‌های مرتبط با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های اختلال بیش فعالی همراه با نقص در توجه، اختلالات مصرف مواد و همبودی در موتورهای جستجوگر Google Scholar و PubMed و همچنین در پایگاه‌های دادهای NOORMAGS، SID و irandoc مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها نشان دادند ADHD یک عامل خطر برای ابتلای به SUDs است و شیوع ADHD در بین نوجوانان و بزرگ‌سالان مبتلا به SUDs به‌ویژه در مراکز بستری معنادار است. سنجش جامع ADHD + SUD توسط یک بالینگر آموزش‌دیده در حوزه‌های اعتیاد، تشخیص‌های افتراقی ADHD و جمعیت‌های خاص، انجام یک مصاحبه تشخیصی استاندارد برای تاریخچه بالینی کامل نشانگان ADHD قبل از شروع مصرف مواد و در طول دوره‌های پرهیز و همچنین تاریخچه کلی سلامت روانی و جسمی و عملکرد روانی اجتماعی، از دستورالعمل پیشنهادی برای ارزیابی ADHD + SUD هستند. درحالی‌که درمان دارویی، عمدتاً داروهای محرک روانی، خط اول و مؤثرترین درمان برای ADHD هستند مداخلات روانی-اجتماعی مختلفی را می‌توان در ترکیب با دارو اجرا کرد ازجمله درمان شناختی رفتاری، آموزش روانی، آموزش فراشناختی، آموزش ذهن آگاهی، مربیگری و اصلاح رفتار و همچنین مصاحبه انگیزشی. درمجموع شواهد نشان میدهند درمان ADHD در اوایل دوران کودکی می‌تواند خطر مصرف مواد بعدی در سنین بالاتر کاهش دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comorbidity of ADHD with Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations
نویسنده [English]
- Esmaeil Naseri
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Comorbidity between ADHD and substance use disorders (SUDs) is an area that has attracted the attention of clinicians, researchers, and public health in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the most basic issues related to epidemiology, screening, and therapeutic interventions for ADHD co-occurring with substance use disorders. Using the research method of reviewing data related to the use of keywords Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, substance use disorders, and comorbidities in Google Scholar and PubMed search engines as well as in NOORMAGS, SID, and Irandoc databases were searched. The data showed that ADHD is a risk factor for SUDs and the prevalence of ADHD is significant among adolescents and adults with SUDs, especially in inpatient settings. Comprehensive ADHD + SUD assessment by a trained clinician in the areas of addiction, differential diagnoses of ADHD, and specific populations, conducting a standard diagnostic interview for a complete clinical history of ADHD before and during withdrawal, and also, a general history of mental and physical health and psychosocial functioning are suggested guidelines for assessing ADHD + SUD. While pharmacotherapy is the first line and the most effective treatment for ADHD, various psychosocial interventions can be performed in combination with medication, including CBT, psychoeducation, metacognitive education, mindfulness training, coaching, and behavioral modification, as well as motivational interviewing. Overall, the evidence suggests that treating ADHD in early childhood can reduce the risk of later substance use at older ages.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- ADHD
- substance use disorders
- comorbidity
- therapeutic interventions
منابع
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