نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر برای بررسی میزان شیوع نشانههای اختلالنارساییتوجه/بیشفعالی در دانشآموزان تیزهوش استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد انجام گرفته است. روش پژوهش توصیفی (همةگیرشناسی) بود. جامعة آماریرا 34529 نفر دانشآموز مدارس راهنمایی دولتی و غیر انتفاعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد که در سال تحصیلی 90-1389 به تحصیل اشتغال داشتند، تشکیل میدادند. از این جامعه 1800 دانشآموز با روش خوشهای تصادفی چند مرحلةای انتخاب شدند. سرانجام 220 دانشآموز (77 دختر و 143 پسر) با هوشبهر 127 و بالاتر به عنوان تیزهوش گروه نمونه را تشکیل دادند. برای جمعآوری دادهها از پرسشنامة تشخیصی اختلال نارساییتوجه/ بیش فعالی راهنمای تشخیصی و آماری انجمن روانپزشکی آمریکا ، مصاحبة بالینی با دانشآموزان و مادران بر اساس همان ملاکها و ماتریسهای پیشرونده ریون استفاده شد. دادهها با روشهای آمار توصیفی و آزمون مجذور کای تحلیل شدند.به طور کلی 2/8 درصد از دانشآموزان تیزهوش دارای نشانههای اختلالنارساییتوجه/بیشفعالی بودند، این میزان در پسرها 9 درصد و در دخترها 8/6 درصد بود. بدین ترتیب شیوع کلی نشانههای اختلالنارساییتوجه/بیشفعالی در دانشآموزان تیزهوش مورد بررسی با توجه به خطای استاندارد برآورد در دامنهای از7/4 تا 7/11 درصد قرار داشت. نشانههای اختلالنارساییتوجه/بیشفعالی میتواند تیزهوشی دانشآموزان را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. بنابراین تشخیص دیرهنگام دانشآموزان تیزهوش با اختلالنارساییتوجه/بیشفعالی، ممکن است پیشرفت تحصیلی و اجتماعی و درمان آنان را با مشکل روبهرو سازد. این یافته در موقعیتهای آموزشی دارای محتوای کاربردی است و نشانگر آن است که مدیریت و درمان این اختلال نیازمند خدمات روانشناختی و مشاوره است. ارائة خدمات روانشناختی و مشاوره در مدارس ویژه دانشآموزان تیزهوش میتواند از پیامدهای منفی این اختلال در زندگی تحصیلی و اجتماعی تیزهوشان پیشگیری کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Prevalence of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Middle School Gifted Students of Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad Province in 2010–2011
نویسندگان [English]
- Beheshteh Niusha
- Kamran Ganji
- Maryam Sotodeh
چکیده [English]
Objective: This study investigates the prevalence of symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD) in gifted students of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmadprovince.
Method:The present study is a descriptive (epidemiology) research. 1800 students (800 girls & 1000 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling from among 34,529 students of state and private middle schools in the academic year 2010–2011. Finally, the participants we selected were 220 students (77 girls & 143 boys) with an IQ of 127 or more. The data were collected by diagnostic questionnaire of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, clinical interview with students and their mothers, and Raven Progressive Matrix. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical method and Chi square test.
Results:Generally, 8/2 percent of gifted students (%6/8 of whom were girls and %9 were boys) had ADHD symptoms. Thus, considering the standard error of estimate, the overall prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in gifted students was seen to be in the range of 4/7 to 11/7 percent.
Conclusion: ADHD symptoms can affect the intelligence of students. Therefore, belated diagnosis of ADHD in gifted students might cause problems in their treatment and also their academic and social progress.
Recommendations:The results of the present study can be applied in educational settings and show the necessity of providing psychological and counseling services for management and treatment of this disorder. Offering such services in schools for gifted students could prevent the negative consequences of this disorder in their educational and social life.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder
- gifted students
- prevalence
- symptoms
- twice exceptionality
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