نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی بهشتی مطلق ¹
• محمد نریمانی ²

¹ دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

² استاد ممتاز گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

در جامعه ناشنوایان و کم‌شنوایان باتوجه ‌به محدودیت‌های ارتباطی، احتمال ابتلا به اختلالات سلامت روان بیشتر است، ‌ این محدودیت ارتباطی و انزوا احتمال ابتلا به اختلالات اعتیادی را بیشتر می‌کند، همچنین منابع پژوهشی اختلالات اعتیادی در افراد با آسیب شنوایی بسیار محدود و کمبود آن احساس می‌شود؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی مرور سیستماتیک انواع اختلالات اعتیادی در جامعه کم‌شنوایان و ناشنوایان بود. جامعه آماری، انواع اختلالات اعتیادی در افراد با آسیب شنوایی که طی 11 سال اخیر (1390-1401) در منابع فارسی و 18 سال اخیر (2005-2023) در منابع انگلیسی، در قالب مقالات چاپ‌شده در مجلات علمی - پژوهشی انجام شد. به‌منظور یافتن مقالات فارسی جستجوی اینترنتی کلیدواژه‌های: اعتیاد و ناشنوایان، الکل و ناشنوایان، مصرف مواد و ناشنوایان، سیگار و ناشنوایان، شبکه‌های اجتماعی و ناشنوایان در پایگاه‌های داخلی: بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور مگ‌ایران، سیلویکا، پایگاه اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی و پژوهشگاه اطلاعات و مدارک علمی ایران، صورت گرفت. برای مقالات انگلیسی پایگاه‌های خارجی، ساینس دایرکت، IEEE PubMed، Springer، PsychInfo و Web of Science موردبررسی قرار گرفت. پس از بررسی مقالات 100 مقاله انگلیسی و فارسی انتخاب شد. نتایج بررسی نشان داد، بیشترین فراوانی اختلالات اعتیادی در افراد با آسیب شنوایی مربوط به مصرف مواد (66/41 درصد)، مصرف سیگار (25 درصد) و مصرف الکل (83/20 درصد) است. دراین‌بین اعتیاد به شبکه‌های مجازی (5/12 درصد) کمترین فراوانی به خود اختصاص داده است. باتوجه ‌به نتایج این پژوهش ضرورت پیشگیری و آموزش فراگیر مهارت‌های ارتباطی برای جامعه ناشنوایان و کم‌شنوایان ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اختلالات اعتیادی
• ناشنوایان
• کم‌شنوایان
• سلامت روان
• ارتباط

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Prevalence of Addictive Disorders in Individuals with Hearing Impairments: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

• Ali BeheshtiMotlagh ¹
• mohammad narimani ²

¹ PhD Student in Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

² Distinguished Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In the deaf and hard-of-hearing community, due to the communication limitations, the possibility of suffering from mental health disorders is higher, this communication limitation increases the possibility of isolation and addiction disorders, as well as the research sources of addiction disorders in the deaf and The hearing impaired are very limited and its lack is felt; Therefore, the main goal of this research was to systematically review the types of addictive disorders in the deaf and hard of hearing community. Statistical population, types of addictive disorders in deaf and hard of hearing, which was conducted in the last 11 years (1390-1401) in Persian sources and the last 18 years (2023-2005) in English sources, in the form of articles published in scientific-research journals. To find Persian articles, search the Internet using the following keywords: addiction and the deaf, alcohol and the deaf, drug use and the deaf, smoking and the deaf, social networks and the deaf in internal databases: Mag-Iran Publications Information Bank, Silvica, scientific database. Academic Jihad and Research Institute of Scientific Information and Documents of Iran took place. Foreign databases, Science Direct, IEEE PubMed, Springer, PsychInfo, and Web of Science were reviewed for English articles. After reviewing the articles, 100 English and Farsi articles were selected. The results of the survey showed that the highest frequency of addiction disorders in the deaf and hard of hearing is related to drug use (41.66%), smoking (25%), and alcohol consumption (20.83%). Meanwhile, addiction to virtual networks (12.5%) has the lowest frequency. According to the results of this research, prevention and comprehensive training in communication skills is necessary for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community.
Keywords: Addictive Disorders; Deafness; Hearing Impaired; Mental Health; Communication.
 
 
 
Extended Abstract
1.Introduction
Deafness spans a spectrum of conditions characterized by impaired communication, disrupted social-emotional growth, and cognitive development. Notably, approximately 7 out of every 10,000 individuals experience severe to profound hearing impairment from birth, preceding the acquisition of language (Eisinger, Dahl, Vogler et al., 2022). Research indicates a high prevalence rate of deafness, which is coupled with a variety of mental health issues, including anxiety and mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders, as well as addiction and developmental disorders (Rosey, Taijisingh, Rudd et al., 2020). Furthermore, cognitive or learning disabilities, or language and communication disorders may also be present.

Literature Review

Previous research has noted that individuals with general disabilities, such as deafness or blindness, are more vulnerable to drug consumption. Nonetheless, the results of this study highlight the absence of a significant difference in substance use between deaf and hearing-impaired individuals and those with normal hearing. It is worth noting that deaf individuals who consume considerable amounts of alcohol are more prone to using hashish, and deaf teenagers exhibit higher tendencies to utilize industrial substances.
According to the research conducted by Akobirshu, McKay, Reif, et al. (2022), it was revealed that deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals consume more opioids than those with normal hearing, and this consumption exceeds the scope of treatment. Meanwhile, in alternative research, it was determined that deaf students consumed greater amounts of alcohol in order to cope effectively with issues and concentrate on finding solutions (Baschenajl & Bell, 2023).

Methodology

This research constitutes a systematic review in nature, employing a systematic methodology (Reviews and Publishing Center, 2009; Abbasi & Sirajzadeh, 2015) to analyze scientific research articles published within the specified period of 2010 to 2014 and between 2005 to 2023, with the focus on discussing addiction disorders among deaf and hearing-impaired individuals. In an effort to locate relevant Persian articles, an extensive internet search was conducted using the keywords "addiction in deaf individuals," "addiction and deaf individuals," and "addictive disorders among deaf individuals." Upon retrieving articles from domestic databases and English sources from foreign databases, the abstracts were thoroughly examined to identify those directly relevant to the topic. Subsequently, suitable articles were selected and chosen for data extraction. After comprehensively assessing the data derived from the sources, the information was condensed and categorized based on the research objectives, examined variables, study populations, research methodologies, findings, and study outcomes. It is crucial to note that the final selection of articles was made based on their titles, abstracts, and outcomes. Ultimately, a total of 24 articles were identified and incorporated within this research.

Results

Table1. Frequency of addictive disorders in the deaf and hard of hearing




 


Title of the category


Frequency


Abundance percentage




1


Smoking in hearing-impaired people


6


%25




2


Alcohol consumption in hearing-impaired people


5


%20/83




3


Drug use in hearing-impaired people


10


%41/66




4


Addiction to Virtual Networks in hearing-impaired people


 
3


%12/5




 


Total


24


%100





Discussion

The senses of sight and hearing play a pivotal role in learning, education, communication, and emotional activities. Additionally, the factors that contribute to the tendency towards addiction encompass various elements, including mood, family factors, individual beliefs, peer influences, and inhibition control. These elements could potentially constitute a portion of the causes of addiction among deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. Deaf individuals frequently encounter a range of mental health challenges due to inadequate communication with society at large. Prior researches indicate that emotional intelligence and emotional regulation play a substantial role in enhancing the mental well-being and reducing the proclivity towards drug use among deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals (Dehghan, Kabudi, Alizadeh, et al., 2020).
Furthermore, due to societal rejection, the family serves a pivotal role in these situations, becoming a special refuge where familial social support and a child's self-concept hold considerable significance for their emotional well-being. Research conducted by Narimani, Rashidi, and Zardi revealed that family social support and a child's self-concept have a substantial impact on their vitality (Narimani, Rashidi, & Zardi, 2019).

Conclusion

Generally speaking, the lack of adequate communication between deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals and others within society contributes significantly to the prevalence of substance abuse tendencies. Moreover, research has demonstrated that deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals exhibit higher rates of drug usage and tobacco smoking compared to their hearing counterparts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Addictive Disorders
• Deafness
• Hearing Impaired
• Mental Health
• Communication